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Abstract. The Bluenome Model of Development is introduced. The Bluenome model is a developmental model of Artificial Morphogenesis, inspired by biological development, instantiating a subset of two-dimensional Cellular Automata. The Bluenome model is cast as a general model, one which generates organizational topologies for finite sets of component types, assuming only local interactions between components. Its key feature is that there exists no relation between genotypic complexity and phenotypic complexity, implying its potential application in high-dimensional evolutionary problems. Additionally, genomes from the Bluenome Model are shown to be capable of re-development in differing environments, retaining many relevant phenotypic properties.

This paper describes the design and implementation of a C++-based framework for two-layer uniform facet elastic object for real-time simulation based on physics modeling methods. The two-layered elastic object consists of inner and outer elastic mass-spring surfaces and compressible internal pressure. The density of the inner layer can be set differently from the density of the outer layer; the motion of the inner layer can be opposite to the motion of the outer layer. These special features, which cannot be achieved by a single layered object, result in improved imitation of a soft body, such as tissue's liquid non-uniform deformation. The inertial behavior of the elastic object is well illustrated in environments with gravity and collisions with walls, ceiling, and floor. The collision detection is defined by elastic collision penalty method and the motion of the object is guided by the Ordinary Differential Equation computation. Users can interact with the modeled objects, deform them, and observe the response to their action in real-time and we provide an extensible framework and its implementation for comparative studies of different physical-based modeling and integration algorithm implementations.

The rapid growth in the use of expert systems has led to widespread interest in techniquesfor their evaluation, which includes verification and validation. Evaluation techniques in the sofrware engineering c~)mmunity are well established hut there are different opinions about the effectiveness of transferring sofrware engineering methodologies to expert systems. This paper outlines some of the issues involved in evaluating expert systems and cites almost 200 significant papers on the topic. We present it with the expectation that it will help both new and established researchers become acquainted with the literature of an important and gimvincqfield.

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