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'Le travailleur est le seul veritable expert en ce qui concerne son travail' (The worker is the only true expert with regard to his work). (Edmond Maire, General Secretary of the CFDT, 1977) Within the last few years participation has become a widespread word. But what does it stand for? In this article we try to highlight the meaning of the term participation and its political implications for the organization of work. Following the presentation of our theoretical approach, we undertake a limited comparative analysis of the state-controlled measures aiming at the introduction of forms of participation in the Federal Republic of Germany and in France. The main question is: how can direct participation be implemented?

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