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Approximately 75% of the raw material and 50% of the products in the chemical industry are granular materials. The Discrete Element Method (DEM) provides detailed insights of phenomena at particle scale and it is therefore often used for modeling granular materials. However, because DEM tracks the motion and contact of individual particles separately, its computational cost increases nonlinearly O(n p log(n p )) -O(n 2 p ) depending on the algorithm) with the number of particles (n p ). In this article, we introduce a new open-source parallel DEM software with load balancing: Lethe-DEM. Lethe-DEM, a module of Lethe, consists of solvers for two-dimensional and three-dimensional DEM simulations. Loadbalancing allows Lethe-DEM to significantly increase the parallel efficiency by ≈ 25 − 70% depending on the granular simulation. We explain the fundamental modules of Lethe-DEM, its software architecture, and the governing equations. Furthermore, we verify Lethe-DEM with several tests including analytical solutions and comparison with other software. Comparisons with experiments in a flat-bottomed silo, wedge-shaped silo, and rotating drum validate Lethe-DEM. We investigate the strong and weak scaling of Lethe-DEM with 1 ≤ n c ≤ 192 and 32 ≤ n c ≤ 320 processes, respectively, with and without load-balancing. The strong-scaling analysis is performed on the wedge-shaped silo and rotating drum simulations, while for the weak-scaling analysis, we use a dam break simulation. The best scalability of Lethe-DEM is obtained in the range of 5000 ≤ n p /n c ≤ 15 000. Finally, we demonstrate that large scale simulations can be carried out with Lethe-DEM using the simulation of a three-dimensional

Ambiguities in CVeber's theory o f social action have been compounded in translation intoEnglish. American commentators have generally given a psychological twist to Weber's concepts of "intended sense" and "understanding," in terms of an "imputation of motive." Weber, on the other hand, distinguishes between the intended sense of an action and the actor's motivation. A s a sociologist, he is interested, not in the imputation of motive to the individual actor, but in understanding social action in its "context of sense" in relation to "typical" or "cross-sectional" usages based on "consensus," that is, in its "cultural significance."

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