The intensity of the high rainfall resulted in the overflow of the Wae Heru watershed, which resulted in a catastrophic flood that hit residential areas around the watershed. This study aimed to analyze spatially the level of flood hazard and its exposure to settlements in the Wae Heru watershed, Ambon City. This research used overlay technique, scoring method and weighting using ArcMap 10.8 software as a Geographic Information System (GIS) based approach. The variables used included rainfall, elevation, slope, soil type, land cover and distance from the river. The results showed that the flood hazard level was dominated by a low hazard level of 361.28 ha and the flood exposure level in settlements was dominated by a high hazard area of 54.68 ha. The results of the study are expected to be useful in flood mitigation efforts to minimize losses, both fatalities and physical damage.

The geographical location of the Wae Ruhu watershed is in Sirimau District, which is the sub-district with the largest population in Ambon City and is also the center of economic, educational, and industrial activities; this creates economic and population growth that has the potential to trigger land conversion around this area. This study aimed to analyze land cover changes in Ambon City in 2012, 2017, 2022 and predict land cover in 2031. This study used Cellular Automata Markov Chains modeling to predict land cover changes in 2031. The results showed that the types of land cover are built and land cover. The open area continues to increase in area, while agricultural and non-agricultural areas continue to experience a decrease in area, and water bodies do not experience a decrease or increase in area. The results of land cover predictions in 2031 showed that the built-up area is 345.79 ha, open land is 121.18 ha, agricultural land is 657.35 ha, non-agricultural land is 507.65 ha, and water bodies are 11.46 ha. The results of this study are expected to be used as a reference in making policies related to spatial planning and utilization, especially the Wae Ruhu watershed and can optimize sustainable watershed management as the first step in efforts to mitigate natural disasters.

The development of developed land over the last 15 years in Ambon City has affected land cover changes in the Wae Batutangan watershed. This is a result of higher population growth and the need for residential land, which is increasing every year. This study aimed to analyze land cover changes in the Wae Batu Hang watershed in 2012, 2017, and 2022. The method used in this study was a spatial comparison of land cover changes in 2012 and 2017, as well as in 2017 and 2022. Land cover data is obtained from the results of this study. Visual interpretation and digitization where land cover in 2012 was obtained from IKONOS images, and land cover in 2017 and 2022 were obtained from SPOT 6 images. Results of this study showed that the cover of built-up land and open land continues to increase in the area, along with population growth and the high demand for land in watersheds.

Pemantauan suhu permukaan daratan dengan di Kabupaten Seram Bagian Barat menggunakan teknologi geospasial berbasis cloud computing Google Earth Engine dapat membantu dalam memahami perubahan iklim dan cuaca, serta memberikan informasi penting bagi para akademisi, masyarakat, pemerintah, dan organisasi non-pemerintah dalam mengambil keputusan terkait mitigasi perubahan iklim dan penanganan bencana alam. Penelitian ini menggunakan data citra Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) Terra Land Surface Temperature and Emissivity 8-Day Global yang dianalisis di Google Earth Engine. Hasil penelitian menujukan bahwa nilai nilai suhu permukaan daratan di Kabupaten Seram Bagian Barat pada tahun 2012 yaitu 21,15ᵒ - 32,88 ᵒC dan mengalami kenaikan ditahun 2022 menjadi 12,73 ᵒ - 40,43ᵒC. Suhu permukaan daratan di Kabupaten Seram Bagian Barat mengalami peningkatan setiap tahunnya. Hasil penelitin ini sangat bermanfaat untuk pemantauan kualitas udara, pemantauan resiko kebakaran hutan, pada bidang pertanian dan lingkungan serta pada bidang kebencanan.

The Ambon city center area based on the 2021-2041 RDTR is a center of economic, educational and cultural activities, this makes economic and population growth focused in this region. This also triggers the arrival of residents from other areas to Ambon City and will have an impact on increasing the provision of land for settlements. This condition is expected to trigger land conversion in this area. This study aims to analyze land cover changes in Ambon City in 2001, 2011, 2021 and predict land cover in 2041. This study uses Cellular Automata Markov Chains modeling to predict land cover in the central area of Ambon City in 2041. The results show that the type of built-up land cover and open land continued to increase in area, while agricultural and non-agricultural areas continued to experience a decrease in area and water bodies did not experience a decrease in area. The results of this study are expected to be used as a reference in managing the development of sustainable residential areas and as an effort to arrange land use in the Ambon City center area in the future based on ecological aspects.