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(1) The effects of IL infusions of norBNI or pirenzepine (10 nmol/0.5 microl) alone on anxiety-like behaviour and aversive learning and memory in the elevated plus-maze replicated previously reported data. (2) Mixed M1/kappa receptor inhibition in the IL cortex exerted counteractive effects on anxiety-like behaviour and aversive learning in the elevated plus maze. (3) Mixed M1/kappa receptor inhibition appeared to exert additive disruptive effects on alternation performance and aspects of attention related to active working memory in the Y-maze.

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