RESS resulted in objective evidence of olfactory improvement in approximately one-half of our cohort over 16 months of follow-up and offers a treatment option for an otherwise poor prognosis condition.

Background The intranasal endoscopic prelacrimal recess approach (PLRA) access to all aspects of the maxillary sinus while preserving the inferior turbinate and nasolacrimal duct and its use have been reported in the treatment of many maxillary sinus and lateral skull base diseases. Objective To retrospectively assess the effectiveness of a 10-year multicenter follow-up for the resection of inverted papilloma of the maxillary sinus (IPMS) via a PLRA. Methods A total of 71 patients were admitted and underwent IPMS excision via an intranasal endoscopic PLRA from 2003 to 2013. All patients underwent high-resolution computed tomography scanning of the nasal sinus, and some also underwent magnetic resonance imaging examination. Results Based on the Krouse staging system, all 71 patients belong to T3 staging. The PLRA was employed to remove IPMS in 71 patients. The postoperative pathological examination of the excised tissue revealed inverted papilloma, and cancerization was identified in 3 patients. The median follow-up time was 37.3 months (range: 13–134 months). Of the 71 patients, reoccurrence was seen in 5 patients (7.04%); 5 patients (7.04%) experienced numbness of the upper lid and the ala of the nose and 4 (5.63%) experienced mild collapse of the ala of the nose. Conclusions These multicenter follow-up results demonstrated that the PLRA is a safe and effective method for the excision of primary or recurrent IPMS with lower postoperative complications and recurrent rate.

T umors originating or involving the pterygopalatine fossa (PPF) or infratemporal fossa (ITF) of the maxilla are uncommon, comprising only 0.5% of all head and neck tumors.2 Before the era of endoscopic surgery, lateral rhinotomy, midfacial degloving, the CaldwellLuc operation, and even a transmaxillary approach had been proposed for the resection of tumors of the PPF, but these approaches always resulted in some form of morbidity, such as facial scarring. After the introduction of endoscopic techniques, many papers were published describing an endonasal endoscopic approach and its application. 1,6,[8][9][10][11] The transpterygoid approach is commonly used when accessing the lateral recess of the sphenoid, the PPF, or the ITF, but this approach is often accompanied by cauterization of the sphenopalatine and vidian arteries and vidian nerve section. If the lesion involves the lateral aspect of the pterygoid process, the inferior turbinate has to be sacrificed; in addition, the frontal process of the maxilla limits surgical freedom. We developed a novel surgical method called the prelacrimal recess approach (PLRA), which can lead us directly to the PPF and ITF after creation and medialization of a "lacrimal sac and inferior turbinate flap." aBBreViatiONS IMA = internal maxillary artery; ITF = infratemporal fossa; PLRA = prelacrimal recess approach; PPF = pterygopalatine fossa; TEM = transnasal endoscopic maxillectomy. OBJectiVe This study was undertaken to analyze the results of a novel surgical method-the endoscopic prelacrimal recess approach (PLRA)-in patients with tumors involving the pterygopalatine fossa (PPF) and infratemporal fossa (ITF). The surgical technique and indications for this approach are also discussed. methOdS The authors analyzed data from 7 cases involving patients who underwent resection of PPF and ITF tumors by means of the endoscopic PLRA from 2004 to 2013. Preoperative and postoperative imaging studies were available in all cases and were reviewed. The surgical specimens were all confirmed to be schwannomas. reSultS All tumors were completely resected via endoscopic PLRA. There were no recurrences noted over a 28-month follow-up period. In 4 cases, the patients experienced postoperative facial numbness during the first two weeks after surgery, which gradually lessened thereafter. One patient continued to have mild facial numbness at most recent follow-up. The numbness had fully resolved in the other 3 cases. cONcluSiONS The intranasal endoscopic removal of schwannoma from PPF and ITF via PLRA can spare the whole lateral nasal wall, resulting in a reduction in morbidity. This is a novel minimally invasive surgical method for PPF and ITF tumors.

Background:The endoscopic modified Lothrop procedure (EMLP) is used to manage ongoing refractory frontal sinusitis a er failed previous endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS), but this approach has a significant restenosis rate. We evaluated the potential benefits of mucosal gra s and pedicled flaps on the opening of the newly formed frontal ostium. Methods:Fi y patients with refractory frontal sinusitis or mucoceles a er ESS were randomized to undergo EMLP, either with (n = 27) or without (n = 23) mucosal gra s and pedicled flap reconstruction of the neo-ostium. The frontal neo-ostium was measured with Lindholm distending forceps, and anteroposterior (A-P) and lateral dimensions were measured intraoperatively, and then again at 6 weeks, 6 months, and 12 months postoperatively. Olfaction outcomes were assessed using the Taiwan Smell Identification Test (TWSIT) and a smell visual analog scale (VAS) score preoperatively and at 6 months postsurgery. Results:The initial intraoperative mean lateral and A-P dimensions were 23.2 ± 2.7 mm and 14.8 ± 2.3 mm and were significantly decreased at all time-points postoperatively. The mucosal gra s and pedicled flaps had greater lateral and A-P dimensions, and a greater percentage of intraoperative frontal neo-ostium area at all time-points postoperatively (all p < 0.05). At 6 months postoperatively, TWSIT (p = 0.027), but not the smell VAS score (p = 0.063), was significantly improved compared with baseline. TWSIT and smell VAS score changes did not differ between groups (p = 0.92 and p = 0.85, respectively). Conclusion:The use of mucosal gra s and pedicled flaps reduces stenosis of the frontal neo-ostium postsurgery and should be considered a er EMLP. C 2019 ARS-AAOA, LLC.

Marked improvements in symptoms and mucosal findings were consistently obtained with FHF between 6 and 24 months postoperatively.