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We propose a systematic approach that incorporates fuzzy set theory in conjunction with portfolio matrices to assist managers in reaching a better understanding of the overall competitiveness of their business portfolios. Integer linear programming is also accommodated in the proposed integrated approach to help select strategic plans by using the results derived from the previous portfolio analysis and other financial data. The proposed integrated approach is designed from a strategy-oriented perspective for portfolio management at the corporate level. It has the advantage of dealing with the uncertainty problem of decision makers in doing evaluation, providing a technique that presents the diversity of confidence and optimism levels of decision makers. Furthermore, integer linear programming is used because it offers an effective quantitative method for managers to allocate constrained resources optimally among proposed strategies. An illustration from a real-world situation demonstrates the integrated approach. Although a particular portfolio matrix model has been adopted in our research, the procedure proposed here can be modified to incorporate other portfolio matrices.

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The capabilities that are embodied in the members of the cross-functional team represent a significant project resource. The extent to which there is a good fit among these resources and the project can impact on the effectiveness of operations. While cross-functional project organizations have become common, many enterprises are not able to recognize the capabilities of individual project members or the teams as a whole. In this study, an integrated approach has been proposed. The assessment criteria of the proposed approach take into account interpersonal characteristics such as the non-additive team members' cooperative effects and capability overlap, which have rarely been investigated and evaluated in previous studies. Specifically, instead of selecting candidate team members to form a team, this approach involves selecting a proper team from competitive project teams, which is a kind of team selection problem usually confronted in project-based organizations. Several sound mathematical methods, including fuzzy measure, similarity analysis, and fuzzy programming, are used in the approach. An illustration from a realworld six sigma project team selection demonstrates the implementation of the approach.

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