Aims & Objectives: To demonstrate, Angiodefender device, is comparable to “Brachial artery ultrasound imaging” (BAUI) in their abilities to quantify percentage flow mediated vasodilation (FMD) of the brachial artery. Methods: Study was conducted on 100 patients, flow mediated vasodilation was measured by BAUI as well as by the Angiodefender device and the results were compared. Results: The mean %FMD measured by the BAUI was found to be 7.46 ±  4.21 whereas mean %FMD measured by the Angiodefender was 8.24 ±  2.46, (p value 0.113). Positive correlation was found between both the tests with correlation coefficient of 0.65, p value < 0.0001 which is highly significant. Conclusion: Results obtained by both the methods were comparable there was no significant statistical difference. Positive correlation was highly significant between both the tests with correlation coefficient of 0.65. Keywords: Brachial artery ultrasound imaging, Angiodefender, Flow mediated vasodilation

IntroductionA dedicated relationship between total ischemic time (TIT) and clinical outcomes has been reported in STelevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI); however, this claim is yet to be clarified. Accordingly, this study was carried out to determine the association of TIT with in-hospital and one-year follow-up outcomes in STEMI patients undergoing primary PCI. Material and methodologyBetween December 2020 and December 2021, a total of 113 consecutive STEMI patients undergoing primary PCI were prospectively included. According to TIT, all patients were categorized into two groups: (a) shorter TIT (<180 minutes) and (b) prolonged TIT (≥180 minutes). Data regarding baseline, clinical, and angiographic characteristics, as well as in-hospital and one-year follow-up outcomes were noted among the two groups. ResultsA total of 113 STEMI patients with a mean age of 69.3 ± 13.6 years were studied, and males [92 (81.4%)] were predominately affected with STEMI. A median TIT was 348 minutes. Of 113, 30 (23.0%) patients had a TIT of <180 minutes and 83 (73.5%) had a TIT of ≥180 minutes. Prolonged ischemia duration was significantly associated with composite of death, rehospitalization, and revascularization (p=0.02) at one-year follow-up. ConclusionTIT can be considered a good quality indicator, together with door-to-balloon time and other clinical determinants, in order to improve survival in STEMI patients.

Background: Contrast induced nephropathy remains important cause of hospital-acquired acute kidney injury and affects between 2% of the general population to 50% of high-risk subgroups following coronary intervention. Objectives: To determine the incidence and to study the various risk factors associated with CIN. Patients and Methods: In our study, total of 212 patients (154 males and 58 females) who received non ionic iso osmolar contrast media during percutaneous transluminal coronary intervention (PCI) were included. We diagnosed CIN by a relative increase of >25% or an absolute increase of >0.5 mg/dl in serum creatinine levels two days after procedure. Results: The incidence of CIN in our study was 15.1%. In univariate analysis: age >75 years, hypertention diabetes mellitus (DM), heart failure, hypotension, CKD [creatinine  >1.5mg/dl] and increased contrast volume were associated with increased  risk of CIN whereas,  gender, anemia and use of IABP failed to reach statistical significance. As the number of risk factor and/or volume of contrast increases, the incidence of CIN increases exponentially. Conclusion: Since there is no established treatment for CIN, all possible efforts should be taken to prevent it from occurring by identifying patients at risk. CIN is related with many risk factors, so whenever multiple risk factors are present in an individual patient, lowest dose of contrast should be used and adequate hydration should be given. Key Words: Contrast-induced nephropathy, Non ionic iso-osmolar contrast media, percutaneous coronary intervention.

Background: Coronary artery disease (CAD) is one of the most important manifestation of diabetes mellitus. Objectives: To assess the extent of CAD in diabetic and non diabetic patients undergoing coronary angiography. Materials and Methods: 793 patients with suspected CAD, 202 diabetics and 591 non-diabetics were enrolled in the study. All patients underwent coronary angiography. Results: Normal coronaries were more common in non diabetic patients. Age at first presentation in diabetics was earlier as compared to non-diabetics. Diabetic female patients presented as early as third decade of life. Single vessel involvement was significantly more in non diabetics [40.27%] as compared to diabetic patients[19.8%][P= <0.001], while there were statistically no significant differences in double vessel disease in both groups [P= 0.572]. Triple vessel disease were more common in diabetic than non diabetic patients [P= <0.001]. Left main disease, left circumflex coronary artery disease, coronary calcification, diffuse disease and CTOs were more common in diabetic patients. Conclusion: The severity and extent of CAD and incidence of triple vessel disease was significantly high in diabetics when compared to non diabetics.