Spinal anaesthesia is a procedure that is currently being used a lot because of its benefit to relieve temporary pain sensation in patients without affecting patients' consciousness. However, this action can cause several complications. This study used a descriptive method to determine the complications of spinal anaesthesia based on sex, age, hyperbaric bupivacaine 0.5% drug dose being used, type of surgery, and needle size. The sampling method was total sampling, and the subjects were 57 patients who met the inclusion criteria. The data was taken from the medical records of patients who underwent surgery with spinal anaesthesia. The study showed the complications were headache, nausea, and vomiting, back pain, shivering, and urinary retention. The most common complication was headache which was felt mostly by females (22.58%), age 26-45 (37,61%), the drug dose given was 11-12.5mg (23.65%), and the needle size were 25-gauge (24,73%). The high prevalence of complications experienced by post-surgical patients can be considered an alarm and also highlights the importance of benefiting from skilled personnel and monitoring equipment in this unit.

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a health problem which prevalence is still high and one of the causes of cardiovascular complications. One of those cardiovascular complications is cardiomegaly. One way to identify cardiomegaly is by measuring the cardiothoracic ratio (CTR) in chest x-ray (CXR). The aim of this study is to see correlation, if any, of CKD and the cardiomegaly imaging in posteroanterior (PA) CXR. This was an observational analytic study with comparative crosssectional design. The total sample was 60 people who was divided into 2 groups, 30 people with CKD and 30 people without CKD who were taken by consecutive sampling technique. The data was analysed descriptively then followed by Chi-Square Test with 95% confidence interval. The results showed that 30 people (100%) were classified into stage 5 of CKD. Cardiomegaly was detected in 22 people (73.3%), the mean CTR was 60%, 22 people (73.3%) showed left ventricle enlargement, 20 people (66.7%) showed left atrium enlargement, and 7 people (23.3%) showed all chambers enlargement. There was a significant correlation between CKD and cardiomegaly (p=0.001 and PR=2.57).

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is an abnormal cardiac rhythm with rapid and irregular electrical activity. Atrial fibrillation can be caused by anatomical and/or non-anatomical abnormalities of the cardiac. One of the non-anatomical causes of atrial fibrillation is hypertension. Prolonged and uncontrolled hypertension can alter myocardial and blood vessel structure. It also can affect cardiac conduction system which in turn will affect the cardiac structure. One of the structural alterations that can cause AF is left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH). This study was an observational analytic study with cross-sectional observations. Samples were taken from 60 medical records of patients with AF. The data was analyzed by descriptive method followed by the chi-square test. Most patients' age was over 50 years of age (88%). Patients that had hypertension were 42 patients (70%). Eighteen (30%) had LVH with 17 patients (94.4%) had hypertension with LVH. The chi-square test obtained in this study was P = 0.007 value (P <0.05). There was a significant relationship between hypertension and left ventricular hypertrophy in atrial fibrillation patients.