No abstract

This observation was performed to evaluate the effect of Plum extract on liver damage with indicators of MDA levels in male rats. The goal of this study was to obtain the benefits of herbal elements such as hepatoprotection in rats induced by an excessive-fat diet. A high-fat diet is expected to produce a state of fatty liver with the aid of increasing the liver MDA. This study is a laboratory observation with a very randomized design, the use of 25 samples which had been grouped into five organizations which includes five rats, which are a negative group, a positive group, and three treatment groups who were given ethanol extract of plum dose of 0,8 mg/kg BW/day, 1,6 mg/kg BW/day and 2,4 mg/kg BW/day. The negative group was only given standard pellets while the positive group were given a high-fat diet and induced by propylthiouracil. The indicator that will be assessed is the liver MDA. The data obtained were analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and further tests were carried out with Duncan's test. The consequences confirmed that the liver MDA levels in the group given Plum fruit extract at doses of 0.8 mg/kg BW and 1.6 mg/kg BW were significantly lower than the positive control group. Plum fruit extract was able to inhibit the increase in liver MDA levels at an effective dose of 0.8 mg/kg BW.

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a health problem which prevalence is still high and one of the causes of cardiovascular complications. One of those cardiovascular complications is cardiomegaly. One way to identify cardiomegaly is by measuring the cardiothoracic ratio (CTR) in chest x-ray (CXR). The aim of this study is to see correlation, if any, of CKD and the cardiomegaly imaging in posteroanterior (PA) CXR. This was an observational analytic study with comparative crosssectional design. The total sample was 60 people who was divided into 2 groups, 30 people with CKD and 30 people without CKD who were taken by consecutive sampling technique. The data was analysed descriptively then followed by Chi-Square Test with 95% confidence interval. The results showed that 30 people (100%) were classified into stage 5 of CKD. Cardiomegaly was detected in 22 people (73.3%), the mean CTR was 60%, 22 people (73.3%) showed left ventricle enlargement, 20 people (66.7%) showed left atrium enlargement, and 7 people (23.3%) showed all chambers enlargement. There was a significant correlation between CKD and cardiomegaly (p=0.001 and PR=2.57).

Research to assess liver damage has been widely studied, but intervention models of liver damage still use hepatotoxic substances. The important thing in research on Non Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease, is that it is difficult to compare the results of the studies, because the variety of studies is very diverse. The description of diet composition that uses fat content as the main source of calories is neglected. The target of this study is to obtain scientific information regarding the composition of fat diet which can be used to induce dyslipidemia and liver damage. The study used 15 rats with the number of replications for each group was 3 rats in 5 groups consisting of negative controls, groups that were given a diet of 50%, 60%, 70% and 80% fat for 2 weeks. The indicators assessed were lipid profiles including triglyceride levels, total cholesterol, SGPT enzyme levels and liver MDA. The data obtained were analyzed using One Way Anova and Duncan's test, with a confidence degree of 95%. The results showed that giving a high-fat diet with a composition of up to 80% fat did not result in a significant increase in triglyceride levels, but resulted in a significant increase in liver cholesterol, SGPT and MDA levels. The diet with a composition of 50% fat for 2 weeks increased cholesterol and liver MDA levels which was significantly different from the control group, whereas a significant increase in SGPT levels was seen in the group given a 70% high-fat diet. Giving a high-fat diet for 2 weeks can increase cholesterol, SGPT enzymes and liver MDA levels, but is not able to increase triglyceride levels significantly.

Cissus quadrangula Salibs have been proven to have an influence on the growth of bone and the healing process in fractures and prevent osteoporosis. Cissus quadrangula Salibs has been widely used as traditional medicine and has proven to increase osteoblast activity, and could accelerate the recovery of bone fractures. The study aimed to assess the effect of the stem of Cissus quadrangula Salibs on the growth of bone length and the number of osteoblast cells in mice femur. This study used a comparative method with a completely randomized design of 24 mice which were divided into 4 groups. P0 is a control group that is only given standard food, while P1 to P3 are the treatment groups given Cissus quadrangula Salibs extracts at doses of 500 mg/Kg BW, 700 mg/Kg BW, and 900 mg/Kg BW. The extract was given for 30 days, then measured the length of the bone and the number of osteoblasts on the metaphyseal plate of mice femur. Data were analyzed using One Way ANOVA and Post Hoc Duncan's test with a 95% degree of confidence. The results showed that Cissus quadrangula Salibs extract at a dose of 700 mg/Kg BW and 900 mg/Kg BW affects the length of the femur and the number of osteoblasts was significantly higher (p <0.005) than the control group. It can be concluded that Cissus quadrangula Salibs extract has the effect of increasing the length growth and number of osteoblasts Os. Femur in DDY strain mice.