Aim : This research is to evaluate the hs-CRP level comparison between CKD stages in Dr. Soetomo General Hospital Surabaya.Methods: An analytic observational cross-sectional study, evaluating the differences of hs-CRP level between CKD stages in 72 patients (mean age 55.49±7.62 years, the ratio between male:female was 1:1.48, mean BMI 24.18±3.64 kg/m2, 36.11% diabetics, 43.05% on ACEI/ARB, 29.16% on statin), recruited from Nephrology Outpatient Clinic, Dr Soetomo General Hospital, Surabaya, from January to May 2014. The stages were stratified  according to the MDRD formula.Results: The mean hs-CRP of  CKD stage 3 was 2.29±2.86, stage 4 was 2.48 ± 2.19, and non-dialysis stage 5 was 2.09 ± 2.54. The analysis using Kruskal-Wallis test showed no significant differences among patients with  CKD stage 3, stage 4, and non-dialysis stage 5 (median 1.25 vs 1.80 vs 1.05 mg/L; p=0.430). No significant differences of the serum hs-CRP level were detected between diabetics and non diabetics in stage 3, 4, and non-dialysis stage 5  (p=0.673 vs 0.666 vs 0.138); between patients with and without ACEI/ARB treatment (p=0.610 vs 0.649 vs 0.671); and between patients with and without statin treatment (p=0.852 vs 0.341 vs 0.309).Conclusion: The elevation of serum hs-CRP level can not indicate the decline of kidney function, but it still needs further investigations.

Hepatitis C virus infection is highly prevalence in chronic hemodialysis (HD) patients. The present study will compare prevalence of HCV positive population in difference countries where there are great contrasts in and diversity of care available to patients who have end stage renal disease. All serum samples of the 100 patients were tested for HCV antibodies, using third-generation enzyme immunoassay. The prevalence of anti-HCV was correlated with a history of blood transfusion and with duration of hemodialysis. HCV prevalences were 88% of Surabaya group and 6% of Juntendo Group, respectively. In Surabaya Group, prevalence of HCV positive was high and the risk factors are not only those of the Juntendo Group, but also a combination of poor living conditions, frequent blood transfusions, and lack of adherence. Much needs to be studied about the role of universal screening and effective techniques for primary prevention in Surabaya Group

Background New-onset diabetes after transplant (NODAT) is one of the metabolic complications of kidney transplant surgery. The incident of NODAT varies highly, from 5% up to 53%. Some factors increase the risk for NODAT, such as age, gender, immunosuppressant drugs, among others. The progressivity of NODAT leads to increased cardiovascular risks, making the identification of risk factors crucial. Method Medical records of 56 patients who have undergone kidney transplant throughout 1998-2015 were evaluated. Data obtained from the records include age, gender, history of hypertension, dyslipidemia, the use of calcineurin inhibitors (CNI), and familial history of diabetes. Bivariate analysis with crosstabs (for nominal data) was used to analyze the data, with a threshold of p < 0.25 and followed up with multivariate analysis using logistic regression. Result The mean age of subjects was 53.85±12.92 years, with 80.4% of the subjects were male. Pre-transplant hypertension was 46.4%. The CNI used were tacrolimus in 46.4% and cyclosporine in 53.6% of patients. Around 25% of patients have a familial history of diabetes and the mean triglyceride level was 165.83±77.5 mg/dl. NODAT occurred in 18 patients and the majority of occurrence happened in the first year post-transplant. Bivariate analysis shows no significant risk factors, however clinically significant risk factors were gender (male), the CNI drug used (tacrolimus), and familial history of diabetes. Further multivariate analysis showed OR for gender (male) with OR 6.532 (0.735-58.051), age with OR 5.249 (0.658-41.853)}, and the use of tacrolimus with OR 3.217 (0.895-11.571). Conclusion In this study, the clinically significant risk factors for NODAT were male gender, age, and the use of tacrolimus. However, these risk factors did not show statistical significance. Further study with bigger sample size is needed.

Background The survival outcome of transplant patients have improved in the past three decades. The short and long term survival of grafts and patients are still being widely studied. Many factors affect the survival rate such as age, gender, diabetes mellitus, and immunosuppressive therapy. Objective The study aimed to provide patients' survival rates 1, 3, and 5 years after transplant. Methods The study used a descriptive approach to 67 kidney transplant patients undergoing outpatient treatment from 1996 to 2016. The data collected were analyzed using SPSS with the Kaplan-Meier curve to observe the survival rate. Result: The survival rate of patients in 1, 3, and 5 years were 100%, 97%, and 94% respectively. The survival rate in geriatric and non-geriatric patients in the first year post-transplantation was both 100%, the third year post-transplantation survival rate was 100% and 94.7%, and the five year post-transplantation survival rate were 100% and 89.5%. The survival rate of patients receiving tacrolimus vs cyclosporine were both 100% in the first year, 97.1% vs 97% in the third year, and 97.1% vs 90.9% in the fifth year after transplant. Conclusion The survival rate of kidney transplant patients in 1, 3, and 5 years after transplant were 100%, 97%, and 94%. Geriatric patients and patients who received tacrolimus have the tendency for a higher survival rate. Further study with a bigger sample and appropriate design is needed to determine the risk factors for kidney transplant patients' survival.

Shoes may not be just as essential as footwear. The meaning of shoes now cannot be seen from the needs alone; the purpose becomes integrated either as a basic need or a lifestyle that is even used as an identity. The existence of the production of KW shoes proves that using a particular brand is considered to be able to support one's appearance. Identity is more formed because it is created by representing how a person wants to be seen and the implied message he wants to convey from what he wears. This identity becomes vulnerable to changes, such as domination and minority, which causes the essence to change. Like someone who uses KW sneakers, they will be embarrassed if the original user catches them. This makes KW users belittled. The impact on the formation of a political identity where the sense of owning genuine sneakers will be able to elevate one's status that one will be considered excellent and well-off. But on the other hand, the users of KW shoes feel they have the same sense of belonging as the original users by making replicas of the actual shoes and want to be considered like the original shoe users.