Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR) by machine is an attractive research topic in signal processing domain and has attracted many researchers to contribute in this area. In recent year, there have been many advances in automatic speech reading system with the inclusion of audio and visual speech features to recognize words under noisy conditions. The objective of audio-visual speech recognition system is to improve recognition accuracy. In this paper we computed visual features using Zernike moments and audio feature using Mel Frequency Cepstral Coefficients (MFCC) on 'vVISWa' (Visual Vocabulary of Independent Standard Words) dataset which contains collection of isolated set of city names of 10 speakers. The visual features were normalized and dimension of features set was reduced by Principal Component Analysis (PCA) in order to recognize the isolated word utterance on PCA space.The performance of recognition of isolated words based on visual only and audio only features results in 63.88% and 100% respectively.

Purpose: This study was conducted to examine microbiological profile with their antibiotic sensitivity in cases of bacterial keratitis in north and central India to ensure appropriate use of antibiotics. Methods: The microbiology laboratory records of 228 patients with culture-proven bacterial keratitis from 1 st January to 31 st December 2019 were analyzed. Cultured bacterial isolates were subjected to antimicrobial susceptibility testing to antibiotics commonly used in the treatment of corneal ulcer. Chi-squared or Fisher’s exact test were applied to check the significance of difference between the susceptibility levels of antibiotics. Results: The prevalence of Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa –induced keratitis was higher in northern India, whereas that by Streptococcus pneumoniae was more prevalent in central India. In central India, 100% of S. pneumoniae isolates were found to be sensitive to ceftriaxone compared to 79% in northern India ( P = 0.017). In comparison to 67% of isolates from north India, 15% of S. aureus isolates from central India were found to be sensitive to ofloxacin ( P = 0.009). Similarly, 23% of isolates from central India were found sensitive to amikacin compared to 65% of isolates from north India ( P = 0.012). P. aeruginosa isolates from central India were found to be sensitive to ceftazidime in 63% of cases compared to 21% of isolates from north India ( P = 0.034). Conclusion: Prevalence of bacteria and their susceptibility to antibiotics are not uniform across geography. Vancomycin remained the most effective drug in all gram-positive coccal infections. S . aureus susceptibility to amikacin was significantly greater in north India. P . aeruginosa showed less susceptibility as compared to previous reports.

Many HOCR systems was developed for different foreign language and efforts on Indian script still verdant. Due to the varying writing style of each individual HOCR becomes a critical challenge since last few decades. India was known to world for its unity in diversity. The geographical and cultural vastness of the country various spoken languages and writing scripts were invented and utilized for daily communication. Courageous endeavors was made towards HOCR for various Indian scripts. The development of HOCR system was considered an active area of research due to the complexity and structure of Indian scripts. MODI Script was an ancient script of India as compared with other Indian scripts. Large number of historical documents exists and they need to be preserved and explored therefore special attention must be given to MODI script. This research paper is an attempt towards an investigation of recent advances in Handwritten Optical Character Recognition system for MODI script.

Purpose: To evaluate the gonioscopic changes in patients receiving Descemet’s stripping endothelial keratoplasty (DSEK) without pre-existing ocular hypertension (OHT) and to report its correlation with post-surgery OHT, graft survival, and visual outcomes. Methods: Adult patients who underwent DSEK surgery from April 2014 to March 2018 with at least 2 years of follow-up were analyzed in this retrospective study. Demographic details, indication of DSEK, necessary anterior and posterior segment findings, and the post-DSEK OHT details were documented. Results: A total of 58 patients (23 males and 35 females) with a mean age of 61.44 ± 8.8 years were included in the study. The most common etiology for DSEK surgery was pseudophakic bullous keratopathy in 47 eyes (81.03%). A total of 22.41% (13/58) eyes showed elevated intra-ocular pressure (IOP) following DSEK surgery. The most common cause of IOP elevation was steroid-induced OHT in seven eyes (12.06%). Gonioscopy examination revealed areas of peripheral anterior synechiae (PAS) in 17 (29.3%) eyes. OHT was found in 4/17 (23.5%) eyes having PAS. Three of these cases required trabeculectomy + goniosynechiolysis (GSL), and the fourth case required GSL alone to control IOP. These four cases also required repeat DSEK for failed grafts. The mean pre-operative best corrected visual acuity was 1.62 logMAR (range 1.17–1.77), which gradually improved to 0.79 logMAR (range 0.3–1.77) after 2 years (p < 0.00001). Conclusion: PAS was found to be an important factor associated with post-DSEK ocular hypertension in our study. OHT in PAS cases required definitive surgical treatments to control IOP. It adversely affected the graft survival and in turn affected visual outcomes also.

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