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Background We have recently witnessed incredible interest in computer-based, internet web-dependent mechanisms and artificial intelligence (AI)-dependent technique emergence in our day-to-day lives. In the recent era of COVID-19 pandemic, this nonhuman, machine-based technology has gained a lot of momentum. Main body of the abstract The supercomputers and robotics with AI technology have shown the potential to equal or even surpass human experts’ accuracy in some tasks in the future. Artificial intelligence (AI) is prompting massive data interweaving with elements from many digital sources such as medical imaging sorting, electronic health records, and transforming healthcare delivery. But in thoracic surgical and our counterpart pulmonary medical field, AI’s main applications are still for interpretation of thoracic imaging, lung histopathological slide evaluation, physiological data interpretation, and biosignal testing only. The query arises whether AI-enabled technology-based or autonomous robots could ever do or provide better thoracic surgical procedures than current surgeons but it seems like an impossibility now. Short conclusion This review article aims to provide information pertinent to the use of AI to thoracic surgical specialists. In this review article, we described AI and related terminologies, current utilisation, challenges, potential, and current need for awareness of this technology.

Background: Chest trauma is one of the most serious injuries leading to significant disability and mortality. Chest injury directly accounts to 20%-25% of all traumas related deaths in developed countries. Methods: This was a prospective observational study involving chest injury patients admitted in civil hospital, Solapur over the period of September 2013 to June 2015. Results: A total of 150 chest injury patients were studied out of 864 patients of chest injury during the said period. Males outnumbered females by a ratio of 5:1. Their ages ranged from 10 to 80 years (mean = 37.27 years). Majority of the patients (94.67%) sustained blunt injuries. RTA was the common mechanism of blunt injury affecting 59.86% of patients. Rib fracture was the commonest type of chest injury followed by pneumothorax, 88% and 62% respectively. Head injury was the commonest associated injury seen in 56% of patients. Majority of patients 66.67% were treated successfully with tube thoracostomy. The mean hospital stay was 8.97days with SD of 4.89 days. Mortality rate was 11.97%. Conclusions: Chest injury resulting from RTA remains a major mechanism of chest injury. A preventive measure, educating people about traffic rules and regulations and strictly implementing them is necessary to reduce incidence of chest injuries.

Bacterial engineering modifies bacteria's genomic sequence using genetic engineering tools. These engineered bacteria can produce modified proteins, peptides, nucleic acids, and other biomolecules that can be used to treat various medical conditions. Engineered bacteria can target diseased tissues or organs, detect specific biomarkers in the diseased environment, and even induce specific conditions. Furthermore, a meticulously designed intracellular metabolic pathway can activate or inhibit the expression of related genes, synthesise biologically active therapeutic molecules, and precisely deliver drug payloads to diseased tissues or organs. Lactococcus (L.lactis), Salmonella (S.typhi), and E. coli (E.coli Nissle) are the most studied engineered microorganisms used as drug carriers. These have been used in vaccines to treat multifactorial diseases such as cancer, autoimmune diseases, metabolic diseases, and inflammatory conditions. Other promising strains include Bifidobacterium animalis, Listeria monocytogenes, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Staphylococcus lugdunensis, and Clostridium sporogenes. Despite the low reported risk, toxic effects associated with bacterial cells, limiting their efficacy and rapid clearance due to immune responses stimulated by high bacterial concentrations, remain major drawbacks. As a result, a better and more effective method of drug delivery must be developed by combining bacterial-based therapies with other available treatments, and more research in this area is also needed.