Introduction: There is no report of efficacy and safety of canagliflozin, a sodium glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitor in post kidney transplant patients with diabetes. Materials and Methods: A pilot study was undertaken in stable renal transplant recipients with preexisting diabetes or new onset diabetes after transplantation (NODAT) to look at the efficacy of SGLT2 inhibitor, cangliflozin. With the introduction of canagliflozin (100 mg), the dose of insulin and/or other oral hypoglycemic agents was reduced if the blood sugar control improved. The parameters monitored were body weight, blood pressure (BP), serum creatinine, HbA1c, and tacrolimus trough level. Safety was assessed by adverse event (AE) reports. Each patient was followed for a minimum period of 6 months. Results: The study included 24 (23 males and 1 females) stable kidney transplant patients with diabetes. The mean age of the patients was 53.8 ± 7.12 years. The mean body weight of study subjects was 78.6 ± 12.1 kg before and 76.1 ± 11.2 kg 6 months after starting canagliflozin ( P < 0.05). The mean systolic and diastolic BP (mm Hg) was 142 ± 21 and 81 ± 9 before and 134 ± 17 and 79 ± 8, 6 months after starting canagliflozin, respectively ( P < 0.05 for systolic BP). There was no significant change in creatinine level (mg/dL). It was 1.1 ± 0.2 before and 1.1 ± 0.3 after starting canagliflozin. The tacrolimus level (ng/mL) was 6.7 ± 3.7 before and 6.1 ± 2, 6 months after starting canagliflozin. The mean HbA1c before was 8.5 ± 1.5%. At 6 months, it was 7.6 ± 1%. Hypoglycemia was not seen. There was no increase in infections. Conclusion: Canagliflozin provided reductions in body weight, BP, HbA1c, and the requirement of other hypoglycemic agents without any hypoglycemic episodes and without significant AEs.

Lemongrass oil mouthwash can also be used as a good herbal alternative to chlorhexidine mouthwash, so further studies are needed.

Biostatistics is becoming an integral part of dental sciences. Awareness regarding the subject is not thoroughly assessed in the field of dentistry. So the study was conducted to assess dental professionals' knowledge, attitude, and perception toward biostatistics at an academic dental institution. An anonymous cross-sectional questionnaire survey was conducted among all the faculty and postgraduate students of two dental colleges in Moradabad, Uttar Pradesh. The responses were assessed on 5-point likert scale. The survey response rate was 73.71%. Two-thirds of respondents believed biostatistics to be a difficult subject and at the same time half of them did not consider it to be more difficult than other subjects in dentistry. Females were less competent than males in applying biostatistical skills which was found to be statistically significant. Results suggested that dentists with research or academics as an adjunct to their clinical practice had better command over the subject. The current study shows that there is lack of command over the subject of biostatistics among dental professionals although they were aware of its importance in dentistry. There is a need of changing the training pattern of biostatistics for dental professionals which would make them confident enough to apply biostatistics in their clinical practice.

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Twenty female animals selected for study from which 60% buffaloes and 40% cattle with a mean age of 6.32 ± 0.66 years. The mean duration of illness was 20.7 ± 2.13 days and majority recently calved (45%). Mean rectal temperature, respiratory and heart rates elevated and rumen motility decreased. Ferroscopy was positive in fifteen animals. Haematological and Biochemical parameters revealed leucocytosis, neutrophilia and lymphocytopenia, decreased albumin and increased total plasma proteins, globulin, AST, ALT, serum creatinine, blood urea nitrogen and plasma fibrinogen level. Laparorumenotomy revealed adhesion of reticulum and left abdominal wall in seven, reticulum and right abdominal wall in three, reticulum and ventral abdominal wall in one and reticulum with diaphragm in four cases with non-metallic foreign bodies and frothy rumen content in five animals. Ruminitis, sloughing and haemorrhages of ruminal papillae in two cases. Complications like recurrent tympany, subcutaneous emphysema, swelling and discharge at surgical site were managed appropriately and all animals recovered. In-vitro ultrasonographic examination of diaphragm revealed that the right lower half musculo-tendinous junction of diaphragm was thinner than the left lower half musculo-tendinous junction of diaphragm.