The paper discusses democratisation practiced in Surakarta, Indonesia, which

This paper attempts to map out the existing literature on the post-1999 political landscape at the local level. This literature review is made up by five key questions: (1) How is localising of power in Indonesia understood?; (2) How does power operate at local levels?; (3) What are the forces that shape Indonesian local politics?; (4) What are the prominent manifestations in Indonesian local politics?; (5) What are alternative political forces that possibly represent the setting up of the street demonstrations?; (6) What is the type of democratic governance format explored in the existing literature?

No abstract

Character education is one of the efforts to achieve national education goals. Efforts to establish character values through habituation starting from home, community and at school. The purpose of this study was to determine the planning of learning with a systematic online learning model at SD Negeri Sidanegara 04. The method used in this study was an experimental method using a quasi-experimental design in the form of a nonequivalent control group design. The population was grade fifth second semester SD Negeri Sidanegara 04 in the academic year 2020/2021. The sampling technique in this study was saturated or census samples. Data collection techniques are using tests and documentation. The test method is through an independent character questionnaire that uses a Likert scale to measure students' independent character. This study used the t-test analysis method with the help of SPSS 25. From the results of the data analysis, the posttest means score of the experimental class was 97.44, and the posttest average score for the control class was 86.05. The statistical analysis results using the t-test through SPSS 25 obtained Sig (2-tailed) 0.000 with a significance level of α = 0.05. The conclusion of the study states that there is a difference in learning using systematic online learning methods towards strengthening independent character in fifth grade students at SD Negeri Sidanegara 04 in the academic year 2020/2021.