The severe haze disaster in Southeast Asia requires quantification of the drivers of fire in Sumatra. Without a holistic method, the conclusions are inaccurate. This study used remote sensing data and Maxent modeling technique to model and predicted the distribution of fires in Riau, Sumatra. The MODIS hotspot data from 2001 to 2014 in the study area were gathered. The hotspot data were examined for the human-ignition factors such as deforestation, land management, land system, slope, and forest area status to understand the driver of fire. The results showed that the fire is human-caused. There were three main findings. First, the study area experienced rapid deforestation, with 1.7 million ha of forests was lost from 1990 to 2013. Second, the fire risk associated with unsustainable plantation development and unclear land tenure. The yearly hotspots were high soon after deforestation and reduced gradually. Most of the hotspot from 2001 to 2014 occurred in an area that developed for oil palm by the independent farmer (73.7%). In contrast, the area developed by the company (acacia, rubber, and oil palm) has fewer hotspots.Nevertheless, natural forests were shown to be fire-resistant. Third, the land system was the most important driver of fire, followed by landholders and deforestation.On the contrary, slope and forest area status showed the marginal driver of fire. These results indicated the importance of peat swamp forest, sustainable plantation management, and land tenure to mitigate haze disaster. Fire distribution modeling can develop fire risk maps that can help the government focus on high-risk areas.

GEOTHERMAL RESERVOIR CHARACTERIZATION FOR STEAM FIELD MANAGEMENT IN KAMOJANG GEOTHERMAL FIELD-WEST JAVA.Kamojang is the first geothermal field in Indonesia with a vapor dominated system reservoir. Kamojang has been exploited for over 20 years producing about 1100 tons/hour of steam which is equivalent to 140 Mwe electricity energy. This research is aimed to study the reservoir character after 20 years of exploitation and to investigate the effect of reinjection as a artificial recharge for steam input in the future and also the nature of secondary processes in the reservoir using isotope geochemistry tools.The research is conducted by natural isotopes ( 18 O, 2 H and 3 H) analysis of many sources of water (meteoric, cold spring, fumaroles and shallow groundwater) in the surrounding of Kamojang field and also fluid reservoir to establish fluid reservoir origins and isotopic composition. Gas analysis and isotopes monitoring on the 25 production wells have been conducted every 2-3 years intervals for more than 10 years to investigate the effect of exploitation to the reservoir performance. Tritium radiotracer test with 370 GBq (10 Ci) activity was conducted at the KMJ 15 reinjection well to determine qualitatively and quantitatively the flow of reinjection water to its surrounding producing well (KMJ 11, 14, 17, 18, 26, 17 and 30). Data interpretation and evaluation to determine reinjection water mass recovery and cooling prediction modeling were conducted using ICEBOX program package (TRINV and TRCOOL).Interpretation and evaluation of data concluded that reservoir fluid of Kamojang geothermal field was originated from meteoric water which infiltrated through fault structures at elevation of 1350 m -1650 m above sea level. There is no evidence that the fluid was originated from magmatic water. Reservoir fluid moved both laterally and vertically (deep fluid) with lateral fluid movement from west to the east. The isotope data analysis indicated there is water entry in west-northwest reservoir boundary. Water entry gradually moved from northwest to the southeast (through wells of KMJ 42, 40, 27, 26 and 28). Exploitation effect to ten of the observation wells shows a decrease in w/r ratio and liquid saturation from 35 % in the beginning to about 20,5 % on the average after 20 years of operation. Evaluation with TRINV and TRCOOL program shows that 13,5 % of water reinjected into KMJ 15 reinjection well was recovered in the surrounding production wells. The program model of the reservoir temperature cooling shows that water reinjection with flow rate of 10 kg/sec is very save. After 20 years of reinjection activity, the model predicts a production wells will be cooling of about 6.8 o C.

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui saluran pemasaran ikan bandeng, besarnya margin pemasaran, bagian harga yang diterima petambak, dan efisiensi pada pemasaran ikan bandeng di Kecamatan Sedati, Kabupaten Sidoarjo. penelitian ini adalah metode deskriptif dengan metode pengambilan sampel menggunakan metode Proportionate Stratified Random Sampling dan metode Snowball Sampling.. Hasil penelitian terdapat tiga jenis saluran pemasaran di Kecamatan Sedati, Kabupaten Sidoarjo. Saluran pertama dari petani tambak bandeng langsung ke konsumen akhir dengan bagian harga yang diterima petambak sebesar 100 %, saluran dua dari petani tambak bandeng ke pedagang pengumpul kemudian ke pedagang pengecer selanjutnya ke konsumen akhir dengan bagian harga yang diterima petambak sebesar 71,4 %, serta saluran ketiga dari petani tambak bandeng ke pedagang besar kemudian ke pedagang pengecer dan ke konsumen akhir dengan bagian harga yang diterima petambak sebesar 82,8 %. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa ketiga saluran pemasaran tersebut efisien karena bagian harga yang diterima petambak lebih dari 50%.

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kegiatan rutin yang dilakukan Taruna di Unit Praktek Pemasaran “Edu Minamart”, dan perananan Unit tersebut dalam meningkatkan minat berwirausaha Taruna Prodi Agribisnis Perikanan Politeknik KP Sidoarjo. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif. Subyek penelitian adalah Taruna Prodi Agribisnis Perikanan Tahun Akademik 2019/2020 yang berjumlah 81 Taruna (seluruh populasi). Uji validitas butir angket dilakukan dengan korelasi Product Moment. Sedangkan uji reliabilitas menggunakan rumus Alpha Cronbach’s. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini: (1) Kegiatan Taruna di “Edu Minamart” tidak hanya menjaga toko, dan tugas rutin menjaga kebersihan toko, tapi juga diberikan kewenangan untuk merencanakan jumlah dan jenis produk yang akan di stock di toko, mengikuti kegiatan pameran dan bazar, melayani pemesanan produk siap saji, serta pelayanan kunjungan; (2) Kegiatan yang dilakukan “Edu Minamart” tersebut cenderung berperan meningkatkan minat berwirausaha pada Taruna, yakni Taruna merasa kepercayaan dirinya dalam memulai usaha meningkat, terdorong untuk berkerja giat untuk mencapai hasil optimal, berani mengambil resiko atas keputusan usaha, mudah bergaul dan terbuka dalam bertukar pikiran sebagai wujud sikap kepemimpinan yang matang, menuangkan ide, kreativitas, dan inovasinya ke dalam gagasan usaha, dan memiliki pandangan ke masa depan, serta berusaha dan bekerja keras untuk mewujudkannya.