Em fevereiro de 2020, o Brasil registrava o seu primeiro caso confirmado de COVID-19 e, em março, no município de Divinópolis, confirmava-se o primeiro em Minas Gerais. Sendo a Atenção Primária à Saúde (APS) a porta de entrada do sistema de saúde, torna-se o principal local de atendimento aos pacientes com sintomas respiratórios. Diante disso, criou-se um projeto de extensão, composto por professores e alunos do curso de Medicina, a fim de atuar no enfrentamento a pandemia. Estudantes capacitados, sob supervisão docente, realizaram treinamentos das equipes da APS do município, utilizando-se de simulações de casos realísticos. Ao final da etapa de capacitação das unidades de saúde, todas as equipes do município foram assistidas.  Por seu turno, a percepção dos estudantes e profissionais sobre a vivência durante o processo foi de uma significativa contribuição à comunidade e ao serviço de saúde, além de ter impactado de forma relevante na formação dos discentes participantes, reforçando o sentimento de responsabilidade social. Palavras-chave: Aprendizagem baseada em problemas; Educação médica; Capacitação em serviço; Extensão comunitária   Perceptions of medicine students and healthcare professionals about primary health professionals' training to cope with the COVID-19 epidemic Abstract: : In Brazil, the first case of COVID-19 was confirmed in February 2020, and Minas Gerais state, in March 2020, precisely in the municipality of Divinópolis. Primary Health Care (PHC) is the gateway to the health system, making it the most likely way to seek outpatients with respiratory symptoms. Thus, an extension project coordinated by professors, with the participation of students from the medical course, from a public university in MG, was created to contribute to facing the pandemic at the loco-regional level. Qualified students were divided into groups guided by one of the teachers, and within the PHC units in the municipality, they trained the teams, using the methodology of realistic case simulations. At the end of the health units training phase, all the teams in the municipality were assisted. In turn, the perception of students and professionals about the experience during the process was a significant contribution to the community and the health service, in addition to having a significant impact on the training of participating students, reinforcing the feeling of social responsibility. Keywords Problem-Based Learning; Medical Education; Service Learning; Community Extension

Journal of Human Growth and Development, 2015; 25(2): 151-155 -151 - 2015; 25(2): 151-155 ORIGINAL RESEARCH Journal of Human Growth and Development ABSTRACTIntroduction: A change in the atlanto-axial alignment in children with Down syndrome may be associated with pain, neurological disorders, high spinal cord compression and sudden death. Objective: To determine the prevalence of atlanto-axial instability in children with Down syndrome and its association with the presence of signs and symptoms of atlanto-axial instability. Methods: A cross-sectional study evaluated 21 children with Down syndrome aged between 3 and 5 years. Children who had undergone cervical spine surgery or who had diseases not associated with this syndrome were excluded. Sex, age, ethnicity of the child and the presence of signs suggestive of atlanto-axial instability, as reported by caregivers, such as neck pain, difficulty walking, weakness in the lower limbs, fatigue, difficulty with balance, urinary and fecal incontinence and projectile vomiting were studied. Children underwent a cervical spine X-ray in the lateral view in three positions: neutral, flexion and extension. When the atlasodontoid distance was equal to or greater than 4.5 mm, atlanto-axial instability was diagnosed. Results: The prevalence of atlanto-axial instability in the studied population was 9.5%. There was no significant association revealed in the chi-square test between the signs suggestive of atlanto-axial instability and the presence of atlanto-axial instability (p > 0.05). Conclusions: Atlanto-axial instability is possibly not associated with its suggestive signs.Key words: Down Syndrome, Joint Instability, Atlanto-axial Joint, X-rays, Prevalence.

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Introduction Migraine is a chronic disease that affects about 15% of world's population. It is the most disabling disease among men and women under 50 years. Studies indicate that the caffeine, which is the most consumed stimulating in the world and present on the daily diet, can be related to the migraine in an ambiguous way. ObjectiveConsidering the epidemiologic and economic point of view, the disease phisiopatology and the accessibility to caffeine, this study aims to understand if there would be a safe minimum dosage of caffeine for patients with migraine. MethodsThe words "migraine" and "caffeine" were searched in July 2022 at PUBMED and BVS with predetermined filters and selection of publication in qualis journals A1 and A2. 13 articles were found for this revision. ResultsCaffeine's effects on the nervous system and its relation with headaches have been target of several studies, mainly for producing symptoms similars to the prodromic phase of migraine e for the existence of the Caffeine Abstinence Syndrome, known as a diagnostic entity by the International Migraine Classification. The sensory hypersensitivity (migraine's characteristic) does not appear at the abstinence syndrome. The lack of information about pre-existing headache at studies shows a gap in the parameter ''caffeine withdrawal as a trigger per se''. It is possible that premonitory symptoms such as yawns, low energy and sleepiness can lead to caffeine intake, bringing forth the wrong idea that it has initiated the migraine.Caffeine, however, induces urinary magnesium loss, reducing its reabsorption. As magnesium affects neuromuscular conduction, nerve transmission and is beneficial in chronic pain conditions and migraines, caffeine, by decreasing magnesium level, can induce headache. Additionally, caffeine contains thiaminases, enzymes that degrade thiamine, which may have protective potential in migraine.  (To see the complete abstract, please, check out the PDF).