Maxillary sinus odontogenic keratocyst (OKC) is very rare and occupies less than 1% of the total OKC cases reported in the literature. OKCs have characteristic features that are unique compared to other cysts of the maxillofacial region. Considering their peculiar behaviour, varied origin, debated development, discourse treatment modalities, and high recurrence rate, OKCs have been a subject of interest for various oral surgeons and pathologists globally. This case report presents an unusual case of invasive maxillary sinus OKC into the orbital floor, pterygoid plates, and hard palate in a 30-year-old female. The case report confers that cystic maxillary sinus lesions should always be treated very extensively irrespective of the nature of the lesion as the site makes it highly susceptible to secondary infection and recurrence. The case also establishes a set of imaging modalities and specific treatment approaches to be followed for maxillary sinus OKC based on the literature of all the previous cases reported.

INTRODUCTION: A person's ability to recognize a beautiful face is innate, but translating this into defined treatment goals is a challenge for clinicians. AIM: To determine if faces considered esthetic and pleasing in the young North Indian population (both males and females) exhibit similar cephalometric measurements as used for ideal treatment and successful results. MATERIALS AND METHOD: A panel of five judges evaluated a set of one frontal, one frontal during smiling, and one profile extra-oral photograph of 160 students (80 females and 80 males) on a five-point attractiveness scale. For each photographic set, the mean and final scores were calculated. Once the sample was assessed, 60 subjects (30 females and 30 males) with the highest final facial aesthetic score were selected and cephalometric analysis was performed. The obtained data were subjected to statistical analysis using SPSS 20 software. RESULTS: Both males and females with class I skeletal jaw bases were found to be attractive. The females with short faces; mild facial convexity and lower lip closer to the esthetic line were found to be attractive. The males with a prominent chin, straight profile, prominent nose, increased upper lip thickness, upper lip length, and lower lip length were found to be attractive. CONCLUSION: The faces considered attractive in this study fulfilled most of the cephalometric norms commonly used for the diagnosis and treatment planning except for a few inconsistencies which may be attributed to the gender and demographic origin.

A borderline case is one for which, different skilled orthodontists when given the opportunity to examine the clinical records independently disagree for a single definitive treatment plan. The borderline problem must be broken down into its etiological components as Borderline orthopedic problem of skeletal disharmony, Orthodontic problem of arch length discrepancy, Malalignment due to localized migration of teeth, Combination of all the three.

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Mandibular first molars, also called six-year molars as they appear at around six years of age, are the first permanent teeth to erupt in the oral cavity. They are the teeth most commonly affected by dental caries. Anatomically, the tooth presents with two roots and three canals. In very rare cases, presence of an extra root or a supernumerary root has been associated with the tooth. When this root is present lingual to the distal root, it is called radix entomolaris whereas when it is present buccal to the mesial root, it is called radix paramolaris. The presence of veiled canals is possible due to variation in the anatomy of the tooth. It is therefore necessary to locate, prepare and obturate these hidden canals in order to achieve success in endodontic treatment.