Coffee is a valuable beverage crop due to its characteristic flavor, aroma, and the stimulating effects of caffeine. We generated a high-quality draft genome of the species Coffea canephora, which displays a conserved chromosomal gene order among asterid angiosperms. Although it shows no sign of the whole-genome triplication identified in Solanaceae species such as tomato, the genome includes several species-specific gene family expansions, among them N-methyltransferases (NMTs) involved in caffeine production, defense-related genes, and alkaloid and flavonoid enzymes involved in secondary compound synthesis. Comparative analyses of caffeine NMTs demonstrate that these genes expanded through sequential tandem duplications independently of genes from cacao and tea, suggesting that caffeine in eudicots is of polyphyletic origin. (Résumé d'auteur

This research aims to know and test the influence of leadership styles, work environment and job satisfaction of employees on performance.Research methods with the use of a quantitative approach, the population in this study as many as 45 people while the sample in this research is 45 people. In this study the researchers data analysis using SPSS Statistical computer program version 20.0.The results of this research is the leadership style has an impact on performance, the work environment also have an impact on performance, job satisfaction has an impact on performance, and leadership style, work environment and job satisfaction of influential performance signifiicant.

Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) and coffee (Coffea canephora) belong to the sister families Solanaceae and Rubiaceae, respectively. We report herein the mapping of a common set of 257 Conserved Ortholog Set II genes in the genomes of both species. The mapped markers are well distributed across both genomes allowing the first syntenic comparison between species from these two families. The majority (75%) of the synteny blocks are short (<4 cM); however, some extend up to 50 cM. In an effort to further characterize the synteny between these two genomes, we took advantage of the available sequence for the tomato genome to show that tomato chromosome 7 is syntenic to half of the two coffee linkage groups E and F with the putative break point in tomato localized to the boundary of the heterochromatin and euchromatin on the long arm. In addition to the new insight on genome conservation and evolution between the plant families Solanaceae and Rubiaceae, the comparative maps presented herein provide a translational tool by which coffee researchers may take benefit of DNA sequence and genetic information from tomato and vice versa. It is thus expected that these comparative genome information will help to facilitate and expedite genetic and genomic research in coffee.

Over the last decade, inclusion has become a world trend in special education. In response to that trend, the Indonesian government has adopted a progressive policy to implement inclusive education. The aim of this research is to describe the implementation process by focusing on the institutional management, student admission/identification/assessment, curriculum, instruction, evaluation, and external supports. The sample consisted of 186 schools with a total student body of 24,412, 12 percent of which (3,419) were students with special needs. In those schools, there were also 34 gifted students (0.1 percent). Of all the students with special education needs (SEN) students, 56 percent were males and 44 percent were females. The results showed, in terms of institutional management, that the majority of inclusive schools had developed strategic plans (for inclusion), legally appointed coordinators, involved related and relevant parties, and conducted regular coordination meetings. However, there were still many schools that had not restructured their school organizations. In terms of student admission/identification/assessment, 54 percent of schools set a quota for SEN students. Only 19 percent applied a selection process in student admission, half of which used different procedures for SEN candidates. Approximately 50 percent of inclusive schools had modified their curriculum, including a variety of standards. In terms of instruction, 68 percent of inclusive schools reported that they modified their instructional process. Only a few schools, however, provided special equipment for students with visual impairment, physical impairment, speech and hearing problems, and autism and gifted and talented students. In a student evaluation, more than 50 percent reported that test items, administration, time allocations, and students’ reports were modified. For the national exam, this number decreased dramatically. Finally, external supports in the forms of funding, coaching, and facilities were mostly provided by provincial governments and by the Directorate of Special Education.

The purpose of this study is to describe the training variable and to know the simultaneous and partial effects from the variables of training, compensation and work discipline toward the employee work performance of PT PLN (Persero) Malang Service and Network Area.This research is an explanatory research or explanation study, which explain the causal relationship among the variables through the testing of hypotheses. This research is held in the office of PT PLN (Persero) Malang Service and Network Area. The sample in this research is 44 respondents. The independent variables are: Training (X1), Compensation (X2) and Work Discipline (X3). The dependent variable is Employee Work Performance (Y). Multiple linear regression analysis is used as the statistical method.Based on the descriptive analysis on this research result, it can be conclude that the training followed by the employees is assessed on its target especially for the content of the material and optimal time duration. Compensation is rated in good level, especially on the salaries and complementary compensation. While for the facility element consists of vehicle and residence needs to be improved.Employee work performance is also very positively responded in its three elements such as punctuality, work quality and work quantity. The training, compensation and work discipline simultaneously and partially have significant effects toward the employee work performance in PT. PLN (Persero) Malang Service and Network Area. The whole effects of the independent variables have a positive direction. The largest contribution comes from the training variable.