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We demonstrate the possible existence of a new class of superconducting Josephson junctions (JJs) named field-induced Josephson junctions (FIJJs). One representative is a junction made by placing a ferromagnetic strip on the top of a superconducting strip, which we study in this work. We obtain a possible transition between one regime of an FIJJ, which is the quasi-tunneling weak link Josephson junction (similar in certain aspects to an S-F-S Josephson junction, but with different boundary conditions), and the second regime of an FIJJ, which is the weak link constriction (two superconductors connected by a narrow superconducting link) as a function of the thickness of the superconducting strip, magnitude of magnetization, and temperature. We use the generalized Ginzburg-Landau (GL) equations derived from the extended Hubbard model in order to determine some properties of the new class of Josephson junction. In this paper, we perform the computation for a first type of superconductor, although both types of superconductor can be used to create an FIJJ. Further directions of studies of the indicated class of Josephson junction are also described.

Purpose. The aim of this study was to quantitatively investigate the effects of muscle strengthening in a vertical squat jump based on a neuro-musculo-skeletal model and a forward dynamics simulation. Methods. During simulation trials, 16 major muscle groups of the lower extremities were gradually strengthened up to 20%. Results. Complex yet systematic deviations in body kinematics, kinetics and the neural control pattern were observed as a result of gradual muscle strengthening. Conclusions. based on the generated results it was concluded that: (i) the pattern of kinematical changes depends on which muscles are strengthened, while the magnitude of the changes depends on how much the muscles are strengthened. (ii) Adjustment of muscle coordination, in some cases, can be performed without adjustment of neural control. (iii) The adjustment of neural control is done in an adaptive manner. (iv) Inter-segmental coordination is further altered if a smaller number of muscles are strengthened. (v) The main effect of equally strengthening all the muscles is an increase in joint torque, which is proportional to the increase in muscle strength.

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The existence of field‐induced junctions opens up possibilities for very easy manufacture of electronic devices that show no dissipation and have very simple architecture. They can be created by putting ferromagnetic or ferroelectric material on top of a superconductor. Their properties can be tuned in a continuous manner. The transition from the weak‐link regime to the tunneling regime is demonstrated by Pomorski and Prokopow (pp. ). This permits building tunable single Josephson junctions, arrays and matrices of Josephson junctions, SQUIDs, current limiters, qubits and a broad range of logical gates. Apart from the applications the new family of Josephson junctions also provides opportunities for studying the fundamental physics of magnetism and vortices.