Intoduction: Acute and chronic exposure to toluene at high doses is known to affect all organs of the body including the spermatogenesis process. In the industrial sector, the use of toluene as a solvent is still widely used, up to 10 million tons per year. The control over health problems that may occur is carried out by applying work exposure threshold values. This research aims to explore the effect of toluene exposure at the threshold value range on spermatogenesis.Method: This research used laboratory experiment on 30 male Wistar rats which were divided into five groups of different exposure levels, namely 12.5 parts per million (ppm], 25 ppm, 50 ppm, 100 ppm, and no exposure (control). Exposure was given for 4 hours daily over 14 days through a hood with measured release in the glass cage. The toluene exposure markers observed were Malondialdehyde (MDA) in the blood tissue and testicles using the Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances (TBARS) method. The effect on the spermatogenicity process was assessed by counting the spermatogonia A cells of male Wistar rats with Periodic Acid Schiff (PAS) staining and is calculated by the Abercrombie formula. Analysis of the correlation between the level of exposure and its effect on the increase in malondialdehyde, and spermatogenesis was carried out using the Spearman correlation analysis.Result: There was a moderately positive correlation between levels of toluene exposure and plasma MDA levels (r = 0.42; p = 0.025). Meanwhile, on [the issue of] the quantity of spermatogonia cells, a high level of negative correlation with exposure levels was obtained (r = -0.68; p = 0.001).Conclusion: Toluene exposure in male Wistar rats within the range of threshold values influenced the increase in plasma MDA levels and decreased the Spermatogenia A cells. However, toluene exposure did not affect the testicular MDA levels of male Wistar rats.

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Anti-Mullerian Hormone (AMH) adalah anggota dari kelompok Transforming Growth Factor-β yang berperan penting dalam regulasi folikulogenesis reproduksi wanita. Peningkatan kadar AMH 2-3 kali lipat ditemukan pada pasien SOPK (Sindrom Ovarium Polikistik) dibandingkan dengan wanita dengan ovulasi normal. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui hubungan kadar serum AMH dengan jumlah mutasi pada gen promoter AMH (Anti-Mullerian Hormone) pada pasien SOPK (Sindrom Ovarium Polikistik). Besar sampel adalah 114 pasien yang terdiri dari 60 pasien SOPK dan 54 pasien bukan SOPK sebagai kontrol. Kadar AMH didapatkan dari rekam medis pasien di Klinik Yasmin IVF RSCM Kencana Hospital, Jakarta. Analisis molekuler dan genotipe dilakukan dengan PCR dan sekuensing dilanjutkan dengan analisis bioinformatika. Terdapat 60 mutasi titik pada varian promotor gen AMH. Jenis mutasi varian tertinggi yang ditemukan adalah -674 G/A (100%), diikuti oleh -245 C/CT (88,2%), dan -444 A/G (17,9%) di seluruh sampel. Berdasarkan hasil uji Wilcoxon Signed Rank test, jumlah mutasi pada kelompok SOPK berpengaruh nyata terhadap AMH serum (p<0,05). Pada kelompok kontrol, jumlah mutasi tidak berpengaruh nyata terhadap kadar AMH (p>0,05). Jumlah mutasi pada promotor gen mempengaruhi kadar serum AMH pada PCOS.

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