Obesity is one of the most serious health problems worldwide, including in Indonesia. One of the strategies to inhibit obesity is modulating adipogenesis, as obesity is associated with the dysregulation of adipogenesis. Adipogenesis is mainly influenced by peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma and CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein alpha; hence, substances that can inhibit the expression of both transcription factors can be key in obesity management. This review aims to elaborate upon Indonesian medicinal plants that can inhibit adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 adipocytes and their mechanism of action. Original research articles published in 2016-2020 and obtained from PubMed and CINAHL databases were included in this study. From 226 articles, 5 Indonesian medicinal plants (Catharanthus roseus, Chromolaena odorata, Lagerstroemia speciosa, Oroxylum indicum, and Spiranthes sinensis) have been identified to have an inhibitory effect on 3T3-L1 adipogenesis, by suppressing the induction of Pparg, Cebpa, and other adipogenic and lipid metabolism-related genes. Further research is required to identify the responsible chemical compounds that yield this effect and to elaborate on the mechanisms by which these compounds inhibit the induction of adipogenic genes.

BACKGROUND: Purple  sweet  potato  yogurt (PSPY) is a funtional food which is rich in anthocyanin and probiotics. However, the currently available data on its potentially protective effect on anthropometry, lipid metabolism, oxidative stress, and pro-inflammatory markers is very minimal, especially in mice. This study was performed to investigate those effects on balb/c mice models (Mus musculus) given a high-fat diet (HFD).METHOD: Balb/c mice were treated with or without standard diet, HFD, ethanol extract, yogurt, and PSPY according to the group. The changes of anthropometry were analyzed using Lee Index. After three months, the interscapular brown adipose tissue (iBAT) was morphologically observed with hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining. The blood serum was used for evaluation using cholesterol oxidase-peroxidase aminoantypirin (CHOD-PAP) for lipid profile, enzyme-linked immunoassay (ELISA) for tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and interleukin (IL)-6, and thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS) procedure for malondialdehyde (MDA).RESULT: Lee Index revealed a decrease in time (p<0.0001). The PSPY group showed a decrease in iBAT weight (p<0.05), lipid profiles including LDL (p<0.05) and total cholesterol (p>0.05), TNF-α and IL-6 (p>0.05), and MDA (p>0.05). Adipocytes’ density showed a significant increase (p=0.001). CONCLUSION: This research finding indicates that PSPY affects lipid metabolism and has a potential protective effect of reducing systemic inflammation and oxidative stress.KEYWORDS: anthocyanin, high-fat diet, lee index, lipid metabolism, oxidative stress, purple sweet potato yogurt, systemic inflammation

This work identifies the change of beauty standard, following the Korean Wave infiltration in the City of Bandung, Indonesia. The primary data were obtained by conducting a survey in June 2017. A set of questionnaires was developed to collect respondent beauty values. This questionnaire represents the pattern of information received by the respondent. Piece of facial anatomy from a magazine cover also asked in the questionnaire as a parameter of beauty category. The results of this work indicate that there is no influence from the infiltration of Korean Wave culture in mass media to the value of beauty standard for the people in the City of Bandung. The beauty standard for the people in the city of Bandung is still heavily influenced by western culture, which is characterized by straightedged nose, round eyes and oval shape face.

Background: Primary health care is the foundation of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) to achieve Universal Health Coverage (UHC). Patient satisfaction with the health services acquired is one of the factors to achieve the UHC target. This study aimed to determine patients' satisfaction in public and private primary health care centers. Methods: This quantitative analytic study with a cross-sectional method was conducted in five subdistricts of Karawang Regency based on community satisfaction surveys. The instrument used was a standard questionnaire with nine dimensions and filled with a survey approach by the respondents. Data was transformed from ordinal to numeric using Rach modelling. Then, numerical data were analysed with Chi Square Test in IBM SPSS Statistic 23 Version to determine differential between public and private groups. Results: In total, 193 respondents were included of whom 123 patients were from public health centers (Pusat Kesehatan Masyarakat, Puskesmas) and 70 from private primary care (clinic). Three dimensions had differences in satisfaction, including the requirements (p=0.001); systems, mechanisms, and procedures (p=0.001); and service time (p=0.001). The other six dimensions such as cost (p=0.534); product specification type of service (p=0.213); implementer competence (p=0.163); implementer behavior (p=0.000); handling of complaints, suggestions, and advances (p=0.448); and facilities infrastructure (p=0.063) were not proven to have differences in satisfaction. Overall, patients' satisfaction level at Puskesmas (67.5%) was lower than at clinics (88.6%) (p=0.001). Conclusion: Patients' satisfaction with the Puskesmas is lower than the clinic. Further study with a larger sample size and more complete dimension is needed.

VO2 max or oxygen consumption maximum value is a gold standard indicator towardscardiovascular and aerobic endurance because it refers to the maximum amount of oxygenused by an individual in one minute during maximum physical activity. The study purpose wasto see the correlation between duration spent in the fitness center and VO2 max value amongadults. This study used analytical study method, cross-sectional type. We chose the participantfrom members of Golds Gym fitness center at Cihampelas, aged 18-45 years old, with 3months minimum of activity, and exercise frequency around three times per week. Theparticipants who had the cardiovascular and pulmonary disease, serious physical injury, hadalready exercised during the time of observation, or professionally trained athletes wereexcluded. We used Queen College step test for the instrument. There were 47 participants inthis study. Spearmans correlation coefficient was calculated to measure the correlationbetween duration spent and VO2 max, and the result was 0.77(95% CI 0.64; 0.85), p<0.001which is categorized as strong correlation. From this study, we found that with the increase ofduration spent in the fitness center, the VO2 max level is also increasing, and vice versa. Thisresult is supported by a study from the United States which finds a correlation between VO2max and performance times of recreational triathletes. In conclusion, there is a positivecorrelation between duration spent in the fitness center and VO2 max level among adults.