Performance assessment and preparation of AKNOP (operation and maintenance costs) were carried out on 13 reservoirs in the province of Bali, including Embung Badeg, Embung Batudawa, Embung Baturinggit, Embung Besakih, Embung Bukit, Embung Datah I, Embung Datah II, Embung Dukuh, Embung Muntig, Embung Seraya Timur, Embung Seraya, Embung Telung Buana, and Embung Untalan located in Karangasem Regency. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the reservoir performance against the specified assessment aspects and to obtain the planned operating and maintenance costs for the reservoir facilities and infrastructure based on the damage criteria. The evaluation of the operation performance and maintenance of the reservoir refers to the Circular Letter of the General Director of Water Resources, Ministry of Public Works and Housing. Meanwhile, the AKNOP value is calculated from the total of multiplication volume, frequency, and unit price of work for each reservoir operation and maintenance activity. The reservoir performance evaluation is based on four criteria, physical performance, operating and service performance, security and environmental system performance, and institutional performance. From the study, the result shows that 13 reservoirs' performances are in adequate condition. The operation and maintenance can be done by routine and periodic maintenance activities based on operating and maintenance cost plans. This activity is expected to reduce reservoir damage.

Dam break causes disastrous effects on the surrounding area, especially at the downstream, therefore, there is a need for accurate and timely predictions of dam break propagation to prevent both property damage and loss of life. This study aimed to determine the movement of dam-break flow in the downstream area by solving the Shallow Water Equations (SWE) or Saint Venant Equations which are based on the conservation of mass and momentum derived from Navier Stokes equation. The model was generated using a finite difference scheme which is the most common and simplest method for dam-break modeling while Forward Time Central Space (FTCS) numerical scheme was applied to simulate two-dimensional SWE. Moreover, the accuracy of the numerical model was checked by comparing its results with the analytic results of one-dimensional cases and a relatively small value of error was found in comparison to the analytic models as indicated with the RMSE values close to 0. The numerical to the two-dimensional models were also compared to a simple dam break in a flume and dam break with column interactions and the wave propagation in both cases was observed to become very close at a certain time.  The model, however, used numerical filter (Hansen) to reduce the oscillations or numerical instability. The simulation and analysis, therefore, showed the ability of the numerical scheme of FTCS to resolve both cases of the simple dam break and dam break with column interactions in the Two-dimensional Shallow Water.

The importance of understanding cultivation theory, we can analyze how the mass media work in forming opinions and be able to turn those opinions into public opinion so that the mass media are able to create homogeneous thoughts on situations or world realities. The research method or data collection is based on book dissection and several previous studies. From the results of this study, it can be concluded that the mass media make a major contribution to the perspective of each individual who basically has different perceptions to become homogeneous or the same view is all the effects of the cultivation process. Factors that influence the expression of one's opinion: ages, gender, economy levels, and educational stage including spiral of silence. Another effect of the cultivation process is the phenomenon of choosing to be silent from some individuals who have different views from public opinion, in other words, this phenomenon is called the spiral of silence.

Ubud District is one of the tourism areas in Bali which is growing very rapidly. Ubud District has problems related to inundation and flooding which often occur during the rainy season. The drainage canals cannot accommodate the peak flood discharge. Because the capacity of the channel is insufficient, besides the influence of sediment and garbage, water overflows through the freeboard of the channel. This study aims to determine the characteristics of inundation and drainage in Ubud District. Primary and secondary data are used in this study which will then be used in data analysis. The analytical method used are field survey, identification of inundation and flood locations, inventory of existing drainage system, hydrology and hydraulics analysis, and drainage network planning. The result is 27 inundation locations were found in Ubud District. The inundation locations included 5 points in Lodtunduh Village, 3 points in Mas Village, 2 points in Peliatan Village, 5 points in Petulu Village, 2 points in Sayan Village, and 10 points in Ubud Village. The duration of the inundation that occurs is a minimum of 15 minutes and a maximum of 360 minutes. The height of the inundation that occurs is 12 – 50 cm with an inundation area of 0.032 – 4.67 ha and an inundation length of 12 – 2.309 m. The frequency of inundation is 3 to 10 times per year. Parameters for determining priority for drainage management based on priority scale are determined based on the characteristic parameters of inundation, economic losses, social disturbances and government facilities, transportation disturbances, and losses in residential areas. The recommendations given include normalizing the existing canal with river stone pairs of the required size that are more adequate to accommodate water discharge, especially during rains; making diversion channel with precast box culvert with the required size; and construction of new channels equipped with inlet drains per segment as entry points for inundation on the roads into the drainage channels.