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Olfactory ensheathing cells (OECs) are a special type of glial cells that have characteristics of both astrocytes and Schwann cells. Evidence suggests that the regenerative capacity of OECs is induced by soluble, secreted factors that influence their microenvironment. These factors may regulate OECs self-renewal and/or induce their capacity to augment spinal cord regeneration. Profiling of plasma membrane and extracellular matrix through a high-throughput expression proteomics approach was undertaken to identify plasma membrane and extracellular matrix proteins of OECs under serum-free conditions. 1D-shotgun proteomics followed with gene ontology (GO) analysis was used to screen proteins from primary culture rat OECs. Four hundred and seventy nonredundant plasma membrane proteins and 168 extracellular matrix proteins were identified, the majority of which were never before reported to be produced by OECs. Furthermore, plasma membrane and extracellular proteins were classified based on their protein-protein interaction predicted by STRING quantitatively integrates interaction data. The proteomic profiling of the OECs plasma membrane proteins and their connection with the secretome in serum-free culture conditions provides new insights into the nature of their in vivo microenvironmental niche. Proteomic analysis for the discovery of clinical biomarkers of OECs mechanism warrants further study. Key words: Olfactory ensheathing cells; Neural repair; 1D-shotgun proteomics; Plasma membrane; Extracellular matrix INTRODUCTIONare aided by glia unique to the olfactory system, the olfactory ensheathing cells (OECs) (45). For instance, OECs have been transplanted into sites In the mammalian adult central nervous system (CNS), recovery from injury is generally poor, and of spinal cord injury and other CNS lesions, with the anticipation that OECs may recreate the plastic environspontaneous nerve regeneration occurs only in restricted regions of the CNS. The damage to nerve fiber pathways ment of the olfactory system elsewhere (12,21). Ao et al.'s research shows that the effectiveness of OECs inresults in a devastating loss of function, due to the disconnection of nerve fibers from their targets (22,34,59). duced neural differentiation of neural stem cells (NSCs) and their culture medium concentrations of total protein An exception to this rule is found in the olfactory system, in which olfactory receptor neurons (ORNs) unsecretion was positively correlated. OEC conditioned medium (OCM) can induce NSCs to differentiate into dergo natural and injury-induced turnover and functional neurogenesis throughout life (25). To accommodate sucneurons, but the same protein concentration of conditioned medium of astrocytes mainly induced differentiacessful adult axon targeting, newly generated ORNs from the peripheral nervous system (PNS) that extend tion to glial cells of NSCs (2). The results of other research groups also showed that the OCM can promote axons to synapse in the olfactory bulb (OB) of the CNS and secondary fluorescent an...

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