As the key factor of the polarity protein complex, Par6 not only regulates polarization processes, but also plays important roles in tumor metastasis and progression in many epithelium malignancy tumors. Here, we showed that Par6 is an essential component in glioma tumorigenesis. Our results indicated the aberrant expression of Par6 in malignant glioma tissues and cell lines. We found that the regulation of Par6 expression induces cell proliferation and tumor growth in vivo and in vitro. Additionally, RNA‐seq revealed the effects of Par6 were associated with cyclin D1‐regulated cell cycle progression in glioma cells. Moreover, our results demonstrated that the regulation of Par6 can enhance the activation of Akt/PI3K signaling pathway, and subsequently upregulate the expression level of GSK‐3β protein, which then regulate cyclin D1‐mediated cell cycle regulation. Furthermore, we found that TGF‐β‐induced the upregulation of Par6 expression may be involved in this process. The pathological analysis confirmed the correlation between Par6 expression and the prognosis in human glioma tissues, suggesting the regulation of Par6 expression regulates glioma tumorigenesis and progression. Thus, our findings showed that Par6 might be a potential biomarker for the diagnosis and providing a therapeutic strategy for the treatment of malignant glioma.

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Oldenlandia hedyotidea (DC.) Hand.-Mazz (OH), also known as sweet tea, is a valuable functional food with medicinal properties and is used for the treatment of cold, cough, gastroenteritis, heatstroke, herpes zoster, and rheumatoid arthritis. The phytochemicals in plant-based foods are responsible for the occurrence of these diseases to some extent. However, there is a scarcity of information on the chemical components of OH. We, therefore, aimed to investigate the phytochemical components of OH using ultra high-performance liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS) and UHPLC triple time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC-Triple-TOF-MS). The main component of the OH extract, asperulosidic acid, was additionally quantified using UHPLC with ultraviolet detection (UHPLC-UV). The anticancer activity of the OH extract was assessed by a cell proliferation assay and a scratch assay using an esophageal cancer cell line. Ten compounds were tentatively identified in the aqueous extract of OH, including five iridoids, two anthraquinones, and one phenolic acid. The content of asperulosidic acid in the aqueous extract of OH was approximately 42 μg ml−1, and the extract exerted definite in vitro anticancer effects. The results can be used for quality control and assessment of the OH extract, which can serve as a promising source of functional ingredients for potential use in the food and drug industries.

Chaenomeles speciosa (Sweet) Nakai (C. speciosa Nakai) is a popular fruit widely used in China for its health-promoting properties. The presences of phytochemical compositions in the plants play an important role in the health benefits. Nevertheless, the detailed information of these ingredients is still unknown. Therefore, in this work, an untargeted analytical method based on ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole-time of flight coupled to mass spectrometry in two different ionization modes was used to qualitative the phytochemicals in C. speciosa Nakai, meanwhile, the anti-inflammatory activity of these phytochemicals was researched through detecting the inhibition of nitric oxide (NO) that was induced by lipopolysaccharide in RAW 264.7 murine macrophage cells. The results showed that there were totally 175 primary and secondary metabolites were identified in the fruit of C. speciosa Nakai, including phenols, terpenoids, flavonoids and other phyto-constituents. Actually, most compounds were described in C. speciosa Nakai fruits for the first time. Besides, the anti-inflammatory activity was measured by the result of NO inhibition rate, the consequence showed that the value of half-inhibitory concentration (IC50) was 365.208 μg/mL. These results indicate that C. speciosa Nakai is an efficient medicinal fruit, which owns various bioactivities and has the potential to treat various diseases.

Background Litchi (Litchi chinensis Sonn.), a member of Sapindaceae family, is a common fruit with deliciously fragrant, sweet flavors and high commercial value, besides edible arils, the pericarps and seeds of fruits and the leaves of litchi all exhibited meaningful bioactivities, while as the bibliography reported, hypoglycin A (HGA) as a toxic amino acid was naturally occurring in some members of Sapindaceae family. Methods In this work, an UPLC-MS/MS method was developed to quantified HGA in different parts of four litchi cultivars which at two maturity stages. Meanwhile, the methodological indicators of the established method were evaluated by selectivity, linearity, precious, accuracy, recovery and stability. Results The consequences expressed that the levels of HGA were highly associated with litchi cultivars and maturity stages. The positions of seeds and branches were the major source of HGA in the four litchi cultivars been detected, as for the edible arils, especially of ‘Fenghua’ and ‘Linglan’ were relative safety to be taken in. Conclusion This developed method can provide scientific technical support for relevant research of content determination and this founding can offer scientific data for the further research of human health that was related to litchi cultivars.