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The nano-metric cutting process of single-crystal SiO2 was studied using molecular dynamics simulation, where the effects of anisotropy on material removal and surface integrity were analyzed. The typical crystal directions on different crystal planes of SiO2 were selected as cutting directions. The results show that the chip formation, temperature distribution in the machined area, cutting force, phase transformation and damage layer thickness vary according to the cutting direction. The crystal orientation of (110) [00−1] exhibits a large range of damage expansion while (110) [1−10] exhibits the smallest range. In addition, the radial distribution function results show that SiO2 workpieces cut in different directions vary in crystal phase type and content to some degree, while a new phase is produced in the cutting direction of (111) [−101]. Therefore, the anisotropy of the selection of crystal planes and crystal directions is of great significance for the nano-metric cutting of SiO2 to obtain quality machined surfaces of SiO2.

Six α-amylase/subtilisin inhibitor genes (MnASIs) were identified from mulberry (Morus notabilis). In this study, bioinformatics and expression pattern analysis of six MnASIs were performed to determine their roles in resistance to B. cinerea. The expression of all six MnASIs was significantly increased under Botrytis cinerea infection. MnASI1, which responded strongly to B. cinerea, was overexpressed in Arabidopsis and mulberry. The resistance of Arabidopsis and mulberry overexpressing MnASI1 gene to B. cinerea was significantly improved, the catalase (CAT) activity was increased, and the malondialdehyde (MDA) content was decreased after inoculation with B. cinerea. At the same time, H2O2 and O2− levels were reduced in MnASI1 transgenic Arabidopsis, reducing the damage of ROS accumulation to plants. In addition, MnASI1 transgenic Arabidopsis increased the expression of the salicylic acid (SA) pathway-related gene AtPR1. This study provides an important reference for further revealing the function of α-amylase/subtilisin inhibitors.

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