A case-control cross-sectional study was carried out to observe the changes in serum calcium, albumin and alkaline phosphatase levels of postmenopausal women compared to their premenopausal counterparts. This is to enable us ascertain the relative risk of developing osteoporosis in postmenopausal women in Bangladesh. One hundred and eighteen (118) apparently healthy females (59 premenopausal=control and 59 postmenopausal=case) were selected for the study. The study was carried out in the Department of Biochemistry, Mymensingh Medical College in cooperation with the Department of Gynecology, Mymensingh Medical College Hospital and Community Based Medical College Hospital Bangladesh during the period from January to December 2009. Data were collected through clinical evaluation from pre-selected questionnaires. Fasting venous blood samples were taken for laboratory investigations. Serum calcium and albumin was determined using colorimetric method and enzymatic end point method was used to determine serum alkaline phosphatase levels. Statistical significance of difference between two groups were evaluated by using Student's unpaired 't' test with the help of SPSS software package. The results showed statistically significant decrease in serum calcium and albumin (p<0.01) of menopausal women compared to reproductive age group. The postmenopausal women had significantly higher (p<0.01) concentrations of serum alkaline phosphatase than the premenopausal women with regular menstruation. Therefore, it can be concluded that menopause leads to the increased risk of osteoporosis by decreasing serum calcium and albumin and by increasing alkaline phosphatase levels. The decreased serum calcium and increased alkaline phosphatase levels indicate that menopause is an independent risk factor for developing osteoporosis in women of Bangladesh. CBMJ 2019 July: Vol. 08 No. 02 P: 30-35

Background: Seizure is a common neurological disorder in the pediatric age group. Objective: Neonates with seizure have decreased in serum calcium, magnesium, sodium, potassium, and glucose if compared to neonates without seizure. Methodology: This comparative cross-sectional study was carried out in the Department of Biochemistry at Mymensingh Medical Collage, Mymensingh, Bangladesh in cooperation with the Department of Pediatric of Mymensingh Medical Collage & Hospital, Mymensingh, Bangladesh from July 2005 to June 2006. Neonates were included in the study. Subjects were divided into two groups designated as group I as control group and group II cases. From each subject at least 2 ml of blood were collected from femoral vein and was collected serum for biochemical analysis. Result: A total of 60 neonates were included in the study. Subjects were divided into two groups-group-I control- (n=20) and group II cases-(n=40). The concentration of serum calcium, magnesium, sodium, potassium, and glucose yielded 7.33 ±0.79, 5.79 ±1.10; 2.18 ± 0.23,1.61 ± 0.25; 134.82 ±3.03, 133.68±8.57; 4.80 ±0.56,5.89 ±2.02; 66.33 ± 8.23, 62.25± 7.96 in group I and group II respectively. Conclusion: Significant decreases of serum calcium, magnesium and significant increase of serum potassium in neonates with seizure are found in this study. The change in serum sodium and glucose are not significant. Journal of Current and Advance Medical Research, January 2021;8(1):25-29

Abstract:Background: Rotavirus infects almost all children by the age of five. More than 180,000 annual deaths due to rotavirus, occurs in Bangladesh. Aims: This study aimed to determine the incidence of rotavirus infection in children by a modified polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) in stool samples. Materials and Methods: In this descriptive type cross sectional study, a total of 400 stool samples were examined for the presence of rotavirus by a modified PAGE analysis of viral genome. Stool culture was done for common enteric pathogens. The study was carried out from November 2012 to July 2013 in the department of Microbiology, Mymensingh Medical College, Mymensingh. Results: PAGE results were found in 365 of 400 (91%) specimens. Maximum incidence of rotavirus infection was seen in age group of 6 months -24 months (67.25%). All 151 rotavirus positive cases did not show infection with bacterial pathogens. Conclusion: The modified PAGE technique for the detection of viral RNA was found to be rapid, simple, reliable and less expensive technique.

Background: The availability of essential drugs (medicines considered indispensable for the treatment of a disease) and the affordability of the common people are crucial for the successful functioning of any health system. Objective: The aim of the study was to evaluate antibiotic uses in the outpatient department by using INRUD indicators. Methods: This study was analytical cross-sectional descriptive study was carried out among 300 prescription collected from individuals at the outpatient’s department (OPD) of medicine, surgery, gynaecology and obstetrics from July 2011 to June 2012 in Mymensing medical college and hospital, Mymensing, Bangladesh. The study population was comprised of all the patients of OPD of Medicine, surgery, Gynecology and obstetrics. Patients who were visited the emergency, patients who transferred to another department, patient who got admitted during OPD visit and who expired were excluded from the study. Results: A total 300 prescriptions were analyzed during study period. Among the 300 patients, 180 (60.0%) were female and 120 (40.0%) were male. A total 902 individual drugs were prescribed for 300 drugs encounters, giving an average of 3.01 and the average number of drugs per prescription was found to be highest (3.05) in the gynecology and obstetrics OPD and the lowest (2.97) in the surgery OPD. It was also estimated that the average number of drugs per prescription was 3.00 in the medicine OPD. Conclusions: Special attention needs to be given to outpatient department where significant irrational prescribing in the terms of polypharmacy and relative absence of the directions about the use of drugs was evident.

Introduction: Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are the most commonly prescribed and used for the treatment of pain and inflammation. Though this type of drug contains many side effects, these are widely used. The present study was conducted to observe the prescribing pattern. The study aimed to observe and assess the usage pattern and prescribing pattern of NSAIDs based on collected data from multiple general and specialized hospitals. Methods: This cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted at multiple hospitals in Mymensingh district during the 2- year period from January 2015 to December 2016. For the purpose of this study, a total of 1216 patients of all ages and gender were selected based on whether they were prescribed NSAIDs. Result: Among the participants, 71.4% of the participants using NSAIDs were between the ages of 15-45 years. The difference in prevalence between different age groups was highly significant. Higher male prevalence was observed, with 60.4% male and 39.6% female population. The difference between male and female prevalence was statistically significant. The chief complaint/clinical diagnosis were mentioned as fever (20.1%); backache (15.6%); headache (12.0%); musculoskeletal pain (11.5%); traumatic injury (7.1%); dysmenorrhea (5.3%); infective condition (4.6%); post-surgical pain (1.5%) and others (5.6%) of total prescription. One drug was prescribed in 2.5%, two drugs were in 32.7%, three drugs were in 41.6%, four drugs were in 17.6%, five drugs were in 5.3% and six drugs were prescribed 0.3% prescriptions respectively. Out of the total of 1216 prescriptions: 15.6% were prescribed by a specialist doctor, 63.8% by an MBBS doctor, and 20.6% were prescribed by unqualified prescribers. Cost of prescribed NSAIDs was <10 BDT for 50.5%, 10-50 BDT for 42.9%, >50 BDT for 5.8% and for the remaining 0.8%, the price of prescribed NSAID was unknown. The commonest prescribed NSAIDs were paracetamol (42.1) diclofenac sodium (21.9%); ibuprofen (10.4%); naproxen (5.9%); aspirin (1.6%) and other NSAIDs (18.1%) were prescribed respectively. The commonest prescribed dosage from NSAIDs was tablet/capsule (83.7%); syrup (9.0%); suppository (3.0%); injection (2.0%); suspension (1.8%); topical application (0.5%) was prescribed respectively. Statistically, there was a relationship between different dosage forms of the drug. Tablet/capsule was the highest significant form of the drug. Conclusion: The patients usually consulted with an MBBS doctor. The chief complaint/clinical diagnosis are a fever for patients who consulted the prescribers. The commonest prescribed NSAID is paracetamol. NSAIDs are mentioned in the trade name in most cases. The commonest prescribed dosage of NSAIDs is tablet/capsule