The efficiency of wheat biolistic transformation systems strongly depends on the bombardment parameters, the condition of the donor plant, and the plant genotype chosen for the transformation process. This paper analyzes the transformation efficiency of the 129 wheat sister lines generically called 'Bobwhite', originally obtained from the cross 'Aurora'//'Kalyan'/'Bluebird 3'/'Woodpecker'. A number of factors influencing the transformation were examined, such as the ability to produce embryogenic callus, regeneration in selection medium, and overall transformation performance. Of the 129 genotypes evaluated, eight demonstrated transformation efficiencies above 60% (60 independent transgenic events per 100 immature embryos bombarded). Among the eight genotypes identified, we studied agronomic characteristics such as earliness to identify the most adaptable line(s) for different lab conditions. 'Bobwhite' SH 98 26 was identified as a super-transformable wheat line.

Plant breeders are always interested in new genetic resources. In the past, the sources have been limited to existing germplasm. Genetic engineering now provides the opportunity for almost unlimited strategies to create novel resources. As a first stage, the Applied Biotechnology Center (ABC) at CIMMYT developed a method for the mass production of fertile transgenic wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) that yields plants ready for transfer to soil in 13-14 weeks after the initiation of cultures, and, over the course of a year, an average production of 5-6 transgenic plants per day. CIMMYT elite cultivars are co-bombarded with marker gene and a gene of interest with co-transformation efficiencies around 25-30%. The reliability of this method opens the possibility for the routine introduction of novel genes that may induce resistance to diseases and abiotic stresses, allow the modification of dough quality, and increase the levels of micronutrients such as iron, zinc, and vitamins. The first group of genes being evaluated by the ABC are the pathogenesis related (PR) proteins, such as the thaumatin-like protein (TLP) from barley, chitinase, and 1-3 β-glucanase. Stable integration of the genes in the genome and inheritance in the progeny were determined by phenotypical analyses that challenged the plants against a wide range of pathogens. Using these genes, we have recovered more than 1200 independent events (confirmed by PCR and Southern blot analyses) that show responses to the pathogens that range from tolerance to hypersensitive reactions. The quantity and antifungal activity of the endogenous thaumatin-like proteins were analyzed in T 1 and T 2 progeny plants. Western blot analyses showed different protein patterns of the wheat endogenous TLPs. Preliminary results indicated that some patterns increased the resistance of transgenic wheat plants to Alternaria triticina. This relationship is being further investigated.

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Plant breeders are always interested in new genetic resources. In the past, the sources have been limited to existing germplasm. Genetic engineering now provides the opportunity for almost unlimited strategies to create novel resources. As a first stage, the Applied Biotechnology Center (ABC) at CIMMYT developed a method for the mass production of fertile transgenic wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) that yields plants ready for transfer to soil in 13-14 weeks after the initiation of cultures, and, over the course of a year, an average production of 5-6 transgenic plants per day. CIMMYT elite cultivars are co-bombarded with marker gene and a gene of interest with co-transformation efficiencies around 25-30%. The reliability of this method opens the possibility for the routine introduction of novel genes that may induce resistance to diseases and abiotic stresses, allow the modification of dough quality, and increase the levels of micronutrients such as iron, zinc, and vitamins. The first group of genes being evaluated by the ABC are the pathogenesis related (PR) proteins, such as the thaumatin-like protein (TLP) from barley, chitinase, and 1-3 β-glucanase. Stable integration of the genes in the genome and inheritance in the progeny were determined by phenotypical analyses that challenged the plants against a wide range of pathogens. Using these genes, we have recovered more than 1200 independent events (confirmed by PCR and Southern blot analyses) that show responses to the pathogens that range from tolerance to hypersensitive reactions. The quantity and antifungal activity of the endogenous thaumatin-like proteins were analyzed in T 1 and T 2 progeny plants. Western blot analyses showed different protein patterns of the wheat endogenous TLPs. Preliminary results indicated that some patterns increased the resistance of transgenic wheat plants to Alternaria triticina. This relationship is being further investigated.

El presente artículo exhibe los aportes obtenidos del proceso de investigación, enfocado en una educación en valores. Para ello se tomaron fuentes teóricas alusivas al tópico, bajo una postura interpretativa. El contexto del estudio fue en la Unidad Educativa Nacional Bolivariana “Armando Zuloaga Blanco”. Donde participaron 5 estudiantes y 3 docentes como informantes, utilizando como técnica e instrumento, la observación y la entrevista. A través del análisis de contenido se plasmó la interpretación de los hallazgos, en  las siguientes categorías: Acompañamiento familia y la escuela para la educación en valores, Acciones aplicadas para el abordaje de la paz y sana convivencia, Contribuciones fundamentadas en la orientación personal social. Lo cual permitió como reflexión final que se requiere en afianzar y fortalecer acciones para preparar y comprometer a los padres con estrategias en valores que le permitan potenciar una educación basada en valores que contribuyan a una convivencia en paz y armonía.   ABSTRAC This article exhibits the contributions obtained from the research process, focused on an education in values. For this, theoretical sources allusive to the topic were taken, under an interpretive position. The study context, the Bolivarian National Educational Unit "Armando Zuloaga Blanco". Where 5 studentsand 3 teachers participated as informants, using observation and interview as atechnique and instrument. Through content analysis, the interpretation of the findings was reflected in the following categories, Family and school accompaniment for education in values ​​Actions applied to address peace and healthy coexistence. Contributions based on personal social orientation. Which allowed as a final reflection that is required to strengthen and strengthen actions to prepare and engage parents with strategies in values ​​that allow them to promote an education based on values ​​that contribute to a coexistence in peace and harmony.  Key words: Orientation, Personal, Social, Education, Values   RÉSUMÉ Cet article expose les apports obtenus du processus de recherche, centré sur une éducation aux valeurs. Pour cela, des sources théoriques allusives au sujet ont été prises, sous une position interprétative. Le contexte, l'Unité éducative nationale bolivarienne "Armando Zuloaga Blanco". Où 5 étudiants et 3 enseignants ont participé en tant qu'informateurs, utilisant l'observation et l'interview comme technique et instrument. Grâce à l'analyse de contenu, l'interprétation des résultats a été reflétée dans les catégories suivantes, Accompagnement familial et scolaire pour l'éducation aux valeurs Actions appliquées pour aborder la paix et la coexistence saine. Contributions basées sur l'orientation sociale personnelle. Ce qui a permis comme ultime réflexion qui s'impose de renforcer et de renforcer les actions de préparation et d'engagement des parents avec des stratégies en valeurs qui leur permettent de promouvoir une éducation basée sur des valeurs qui contribuent à une coexistence dans la paix e t l'harmonie.  Mots-clés : Orientation, Personnel, Social, Education, Valeur