In this study the production of particleboard using two fast growing tree species viz., Eucalyptus tereticornis and Melia dubia and using Urea Formaldehyde as adhesive. This experiment was conducted in Centaury plywood industry, Chennai. The physical and mechanical properties of two tree species were assessed for the suitability of particleboard production. Based on the physical and mechanical properties of the wood, Particleboards were produced using Eucalyptus tereticornis (100%) and Melia dubia (100%) as raw material. Physical and Mechanical properties of both the particleboards were recorded. Particleboard using Eucalyptus tereticornis has recorded maximum density of 642 Kg/m 3 with lower moisture content of 5.08%, observed minimum water in both 2hrs (18.26%) and 24hrs (51.45%) and also recorded minimum thickness swelling of 12.91%. In other hand Eucalyptus tereticornis based Particle board has Minimum Modulus of Rupture (MOR) of 12.30 N/mm 2 , minimum Screw withdrawal strength load of 1825Kg/m 3 in face and 992 Kg/m 3 in edge. Observed maximum Modulus of Elasticity (MOE) of 2098 N/mm 2 with more Internal Bonding of 0.36 N/mm 2 . From this study, results clearly showed that, both fast growing tree species having good physical and mechanical properties for the production of particleboard but compare with these two tree species Eucalyptus tereticornis is highly suitable for production of good quality particleboards.

Background During April, 2021-April, 2022, the field survey was conducted in Mettupalyam Forest range of Coimbatore Forest Division which is an integral part of Nilgiris Biosphere Reserve and it was approached in a systematic random sampling method with 60 sample plots of 20x 20 m and 8 transect line survey at 0.2% sampling intensity were laid out in which study area were catalogued with 54 trees, 25 shrubs, 22 herbs and 22 grasses. Results The result revealed that the maximum dominance were observed in Atlantia monophylla (32.20), Lantana camara (43.02), Abutilon indicum (54.87) and Oplismenus burmanii (19.34%) and minimum in Glycosmis pentaphylla (12.32), Euphorbia heterophylla (2.18), Mimosa pudica (2.82) and Melinis repens (0.18%) in tree, shrubs, herbs and grass layer, respectively. Furthermore, the highest Shannon D index (H = 3.08) observed in TL, followed by GL (H = 2.76), HL (2.28) and SL (2.25) along with Simpson index also higher in GL (1-D = 0.92), TL (1-D = 0.91), HL (1-D = 0.86) and SL (1-D = 0.84), respectively. Conclusion Cataloguing flora in Mettupalayam Reserve Forest is the pioneer study which gives scientific and baseline information for conservation of flora in the forest.

India is one of the largest Sambrani-producing countries. Sambrani, a globally traded product, is burnt for fragrance. According to Bordoloi & Sharma (2007) [5] approximately, a revenue of Rupees 7.1 billion comes from the total domestic sales of Sambrani. In India significantly, about two-thirds of the domestic usage of sambrani takes place in rural areas (61.23%). Elephant dung is rich in fiber content which makes it as a suitable raw material for manufacturing mosquito repellant and sambrani. Mosquitoes are the most vital carrier of viral diseases in the urban, suburban and rural environments. They are the primary carriers of dengue, malaria, and several other diseases that may even lead to pandemic. Hence, a eco-friendly sambrani and mosquito Repellent Formulation was designed using elephant dung. The burning ability such as initial burning, final burning, flammability, time interval and ash content were recorded for sambrani. Natural ingredients like Tulsi, Neem leaves, Lemon grass oil and Natural gum were used in combination with the elephant dung to reinforce the potency of the mosquito repellent. Smoke toxicity of organic mosquito repellent was evaluated. Emission test for commercial and formulated repellent was also carried out and compared, and it is evident that there is 57% reduction in the carbon-di-oxide emission from formulated repellent than commercial repellent and there are no traces of emission of carbon monoxide from the repellent. This formulation is safe, eco-friendly, cheap, easy to use, and has maximum repellence against mosquitoes. Production of these natural repellents with elephant dung may help to increase the livelihood security of rural poor/tribal people in Tamil Nadu.

This paper explains the spatial and temporal variations of Teak (Techtonagrandis), panel data of eight districts viz, Cuddalore, Pudhukottai, Tanjavore, Trichy Tiruvarur, Nagapattinam, Ariyalur and Karur were used for the period of 24 years from 1996-97 to 2019-20. It was found that Teak area as a dependent variable and twelve independent variables like Barren unculturable, Other fallow, Culturable waste, Current fallow, Cropping Intensity, Total Food crops, Total Nonfood crops, Gross Area Irrigated, Total Rainfall, Price of Teak, Net Area Sown, Gross Area Sown are used for the analysis. The results showed that the coefficient of determination (R2) value was 46 percent within the model, 64.95 percent between the model and 54.89 percent for the overall model. The values of the model define that 46 percent of the variation in the area of teak is influenced by the explanatory variables within the model. In main effect, the area of teak is spatially and temporally significant, positively simulated for the price of teak with a 1 percent level of significance. Total rainfall is negative with 1 percent level of significance. In the spatial-panel lag model, the estimate of the parameter ρ was significant at one percent. The theta value is significant at a one percent level of significance. In direct effect, total rainfall shows a negative effect at a significance of one percent and the price of teak also shows that a positive effect at the five percent level of significance. In indirect effect rainfall shows positively significant at 5%, price of teak contributes negatively at 5% significance. The total effect of the model showed the negative effect of the total rainfall at one percent level of significance and the price of teak showed that a positive effect at five percent.The area of Teak expansion was influenced by two major factors like total rainfall and the price of teak. Among these, Rainfallis negatively related and the price of Teak was positively related with the area of Teak.