Most of us in speaking and writing English use only one pronoun of address; we say "you" to many persons and "you" to one person. The pronoun "thou" is reserved, nowadays, to prayer and naive poetry, but in the past it was the form of familiar address to a single person. At that time "you" was the singular of reverence and of polite distance and, also, the invariable plural. In French, German, Italian, Spanish, and the other languages most nearly related to English there are still active two singular pronouns of address. The interesting thing about such pronouns is their close association with two dimensions fundamental to the analysis of all social life -the dimensions of power and solidarity. Semantic and stylistic analysis of these forms takes us well into psychology and sociology as well as into linguistics and the study of literature. This paper is divided into five major sections. 1 The first three of these are concerned with the semantics of the pronouns of address. By semantics we mean covariation between the pronoun used and the objective relationship existing between speaker and addressee. The first section offers a general description of the semantic evolution of the pronouns of address in certain European languages. The second section describes semantic differences existing today among the pronouns of French, German, and Italian. The third section proposes a connection between social structure, group ideology, and the semantics of the pronoun. The final two sections of the paper are concerned with expressive style by which we mean covariation between the pronoun used and characteristics of

A technique for producing a no-twist yarn from a card web has been developed. The fibers in a strip of web are aligned by a special drafting device. The fibers are impregnated with a binder, dried, and packaged. The binder holds the untwisted fibers together until the yarn is made into a fabric. The binder is then removed, and the fibers are held together by the fabric construction. Fabric properties including strength compare favorably with fabric properties of conventional yarns. A yarn production rate of 1 m/s has been achieved.

Published research has indicated that cotton strength increases as the specimen loading rate increases when measured by Stelometer and Pressley methods. This report describes an instrument designed to test 1/8 gauge bundles at constant rates of extension from 0.05 to 50 cm/min. A computer analyzes voltage signals from force and displacement transducers. Pressley jaws hold the fiber bundles, and a Stelometer vice is used to load them in the jaws. Specimens are selected with a mechanized sampling and combing procedure. The method provides measurements of strength, elongation, modulus, and two forms of toughness.A new class of fiber testing instruments is evolving to meet the demand for increased information and better precision while measuring the quality of cotton enroute to market. The quality evaluation procedure involves removing or cutting two small samples from each cotton bale, which are delivered to a USDA marketing service office for testing in a controlled laboratory. At the laboratory, they are opened and exposed to circulating air for a time sufficient to assure proper temperature and moisture content. In ofhces where the new high volume instruments (HVI) are being used, fiber length, length uniformity, strength, fineness, lint color, and trash content are measured.There are two manufacturers of HVI systems, Motion Control, Inc. (MCI) of Dallas, Texas, and Spinlab/ Uster Inc., of Knoxville, Tennessee. Both measure cotton fiber length with tapered bundles (a collection of fibers each grasped at a random position along its length with its ends free to extend parallel to each other from a clamp). Prepared specimens (5.1 to 6.4 cm wide) are measured at several distances from the clamp to form fibrograms for length analyses. A point (some distance from the clamp) is selected for strength testing.HVI strength measurements are made at a jaw displacement speed much faster than conventional laboratory instruments, but laboratory instruments are used to check strength values obtained with the HVI methods. The Cotton Division of the Agricultural Marketing Service (AMS) has reported higher HVI strength values for some cottons when compared to Stelometer values [8]. Brown [2] demonstrated the speed problem by modifying an HVI to operate at two extension speeds. He reported no average strength difference when the HVI was recalibrated at each speed, but there was a 9% loss in the strength of his calibration cottons when tested at the increased extension speed.Hertel and Phillips [3,5], on the other hand, reported strength gains with an increasing rate of loading for Stelometer and Pressley methods.The precise extension speed of HVIs is loosely controlled, and jaw displacement is not routinely calibrated. Taylor [7] measured the extension speed of a research model (MCI) at 19.8 cm/min, and Brown [2] reported the speed of an MCI 3000 system at 13.6 cm/ min. Others have studied the effect of testing time on cotton strength for Stelometer and Pressley methods [4, 5], but the literature does not reveal sufficient informat...

The results of water permeance tests on twelve walls before and after coating with a proprietary clear water repellant are reported. Half of the single-wythe walls were brick; and other half, normal-weight concrete masonry units. Half of the walls used masonry cement mortar; the other half, portland cement-lime mortar. Comparison of results revealed a significant reduction in the amount of leakage, an increase in the amount of time required to achieve maximum rate of leakage, and a decrease in the percentage of damp area as a result of the application of the coating. The walls will be retested after six months of outdoor exposure.

An investigation is reported of the air pressures in the conventional cotton card, measured at strategic points with the card running idle and when processing cotton. Through the utilization of a sensitive electronic instrument capable of measuring pressures of 0.001 in. of water, both static and velocity determinations were made that have given an insight into the function of air in the card and have led to the development of a method of carding without the use of the conventional revolving flats.