No abstract

Small Cell Neuroendocrine Carcinomas of the Sinonasal tract are extremely uncommon and distinct neoplasms with aggressive clinical behavior. They have similar morphological and immunohistochemical features to those of small cell carcinomas of the lung. They should be distinguished from Olfactory Neuroblastomas. We report a case of this rare entity.A 46-year-old woman presented with a history of injury to the right eye with facial pain and proptosis as the primary symptoms. Later she developed nasal stuffi ness. C.T. Scan revealed a space occupying lesion in the right nostril extending into ethmoid sinus and orbit. Functional endoscopic sinus surgery was done with decompression of the orbit. The biopsy material was obtained from ethmoid sinus and orbit. Histopathological examination of the biopsy specimen along with Immunohistochemical stains confi rmed a Small Cell Neuroendocrine Carcinoma. Patient was treated with Radiotherapy and chemotherapy and responded well.

Central giant cell granuloma formerly called as giant cell reparative granuloma is a non neoplastic proliferative lesion of unknown etiology. It occurs most commonly in mandible, but can also occur in maxilla. The case described here involved maxilla which was treated with surgical excision.

Gastroschisis (Greek for "abdominal cleft") is a full-thickness paraumbilical defect in the abdominal wall. It almost exclusively occurs in infants of mothers younger than 25 years of age. The overall incidence of gastroschisis is 0.94 per 10,000 live births and reports of gastroschisis in both conjoint twins were not available in the literature. It is characterized by normal umbilical cord insertion with defect being extraabdominal through which abdominal contents protrude. There is no covering sac and the size of the defect is less than 4 cm. This report describes the prenatal diagnosis of a case of conjoint twins complicated with gastroschisis in both the newborns. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0) Conflict of interest: None declared | Source of funding: Nil | DOI: http://dx.

BACKGROUND Prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN) remains as a well-known precancerous condition. Identification in biopsy specimen warrants repeat biopsy for subsequent carcinoma. The main aim of the study is to describe the morphological spectrum of prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN), its relationship to carcinoma of the prostate and its clinical significance. MATERIALS AND METHODS This is a descriptive study. Patients who were diagnosed clinically as benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) with symptoms of obstruction (hesitancy, poor flow, intermittent stream, dribbling) were included. Sections of the TURP chips were reviewed retrospectively in the Department of Pathology, Siddhartha Medical College, Vijayawada. A total of 75 cases were studied during a period of 2 years (October 2015 to November 2017) from the age group between 40-90 years. RESULTS 75 cases of TURP specimens were studied. Majority of cases are PIN, 43 cases (58%). All PIN cases were graded into 22 cases of low-grade PIN (LGPIN) (51%) and 21 cases of high-grade PIN (HGPIN) (49%). HGPIN shows marked nuclear enlargement, prominent eosinophilic nucleoli and increased chromatin compared to low-grade PIN. Majority of HGPIN cases in our study were noted in 60-69 yrs. constituting about 30 cases. CONCLUSION As prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia is a precursor lesion for prostatic carcinoma, it needs to be detected as early as possible. Prostatic biopsy helps to identify and treat the patients with high-grade PIN as well as carcinoma.