RESUME L'agriculture et l'élevage constituent les principales activités socio-économiques de la population de la région de Zinder (Niger). Toutefois, ces activités présentent des impacts négatifs sur la qualité des eaux souterraines constituant l'une des principales sources d'approvisionnement en eau de cette population. Cette étude a pour objectif de déterminer la qualité physico-chimique et l'origine de la minéralisation des eaux des aquifères du Continental Intercalaire / Hamadien et du Continental Terminal de la région de Zinder. Vingt-huit échantillons ont fait l'objet d'une analyse physico-chimique. Les résultats obtenus ont été traités par la méthode hydrochimique et l'Analyse en Composantes Principales (ACP) avec des logiciels Diagramme et XLSTAT 2016. Les eaux analysées se classent en trois catégories (36% acides, 32% neutres et 32% basiques) et se répartissent en quatre faciès (53,57% bicarbonatés sodi-potassiques, 25% chlorurés sodi-potassiques, 17,85% chlorurés calci-magnésiens et 3,57% bicarbonatés calci-magnésiens). L'ACP a permis d'identifier deux mécanismes qui gouvernent la minéralisation des eaux de la région (pluviolessivage de sols par infiltration des minéraux riches en calcium et magnésium et temps de séjour par altération des minéraux). Les teneurs anormales en fluorures de Koundoumawa (3,28 mg.L-1), Belbedji (1,95 mg.L-1) et Garagoumsa (1,64 mg.L-1) font appel à des traitements de dépollution avant approvisionnement.
This study aims to determine the textural (specific surface, pore volume and pore size) and mineralogical characteristics of Tanout red clay of Zinder region (Niger) in order to have textural data allowing its use as an adsorbent. The methodology is based on textural analyzes (adsorption of N2 at 77 K by the Brunauer-Emmett-Teller method), mineralogical (X-ray fluorescence, X-ray diffraction, thermo-gravimetric analysis, scanning electron microscopy) and physicochemical (preliminary analyses). The results obtained show that the red clay has a specific surface of 418.4 m2.g-1 and 967.7 m2.g-1 calculated according to the BET and Langmuir methods respectively and a microporous surface of 540 m2.g- 1, with pore volume varying from 0.0389 to 0.2535 cm3.g-1 and pore size varying from 0.3675 to 5.423 nm calculated according to the methods (Barrett-Joyner-Halenda, Dubinin-Radushkevich, Dubinin -A, Horvath-Kawazoe and Saito-Foley). It has slit and cylindrical micro- pores. It has a slightly neutral pH in an aqueous medium and a high cation exchange capacity with low humidity and density, and is mainly composed of SiO2 (83.2%), Al2O3 (7.04%) and Fe2O3 (3.35%) with trace elements, the main ones being: Zr (2490 ppm), Sr (310.21 ppm), Cu (310.1 ppm), V (290.1 ppm) and Zn (140ppm). It consists essentially of Montmorillonite, illite and Kaolinite with impurities such as quartz and rutile. This clay has a high degree of crystallinity. These characteristics make it a promoter material that can be used as an adsorbent.
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