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In this paper, we reported the first use of phosphate fertilizers (MAP, DAP, and TSP) as heterogeneous catalysts for organic reactions.  Their catalytic activities were investigated in the first time in Knoevenagel condensation of various aromatic aldehydes with malononitrile at room temperature.  These minerals phosphate showed high catalytic activities and ability to be recovering and reusing without a significant loss in their catalytic activities.  In order to reach the optimal reaction conditions for Knoevenagel condensation, we carried out a kinetic study of the effect of reaction time, the effect of solvent, the amount of catalysts and the variation of the range of the particles size the more active.  The best conditions were obtained by the use of these fertilizers (MAP, DAP, and TSP) in their commercial status, simply crashed in powder, without any purification, using ethanol as solvent.  These phosphate fertilizers prove to be very promising and effective heterogeneous catalysts for the condensation of Knoevenagel.

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This work presents a simple process for the preparation of Cobalt Orthophosphate (Co 3 (PO 4 ) 2 ), by modifying phosphate fertilizer mono-ammonium phosphate (MAP) by cobalt nitrate (Co(NO 3 ) 2 ). Co 3 (PO 4 ) 2 has been characterised using microscopic and spectroscopic methods namely X-ray diffraction (XRD), infrared spectroscopy (IR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). It is the first time that Co 3 (PO 4 ) 2 is used as a heterogeneous catalyst in the condensation between an aryl aldehyde, 4-hydroxycoumarin and malononitrile. The results show that Co 3 (PO 4 ) 2 is an effective catalyst for one-pot synthesis of 3,4-dihydropyrano [3, 2-c] chromene. The optimisation of each reaction parameter allows achieving excellent results in terms of time and yield. The application of Co 3 (PO 4 ) 2 as catalyst in the 3, 4-dihydropyrano [3, 2-c] chromene derivatives synthesis offers certain advantages such as shorter reaction time, simple treatment, furthermore, the catalyst possesses a great capacity for reutilization and therefore its application contributes to the development of green chemistry.[a] A.

The present work focused on developing a new protocol of the 1-(benzothiazolylamino) methyl-2-naphthol derivatives synthesis by condensation of three compounds, i.e. aromatic 2-naphthol, 2-aminobenzothiazole and aldehyde. Furthermore, this reaction was carried out in the presence of three heterogeneous phosphate catalysts: monoammonium phosphates (MAP), diammonium phosphate (DAP), and trisuperphosphate (TSP). Moreover, this method offered many advantages, such as: very high yields, shorter reaction times, and the catalysts, can be easily recovered and reused without any loss of their catalytic activities.  Copyright ©2019 BCREC Group. All rights reserved