Abstract. Kurnia I, Arief H, Mardiastuti A, Hermawan R. 2021. The potential of bird diversity in the urban landscape for birdwatching in Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 22: 1701-1711. Birdwatching is a recreational activity of observing birds in the wild with the naked eye¸ using tools such as telescopes and binoculars, or listening to bird sounds. The observation locations can be either natural landscape or urban landscapes with bird diversity. However, the dominance of built spaces and man-made vegetation differed from natural landscapes. This difference will affect the composition of birds found in the urban landscape. This paper aimed to analyze bird diversity in urban landscapes and their potential for birdwatching. The research was conducted from February to April 2020 in five cities in Java (Bogor, Sukabumi, Bandung, Yogyakarta, Surabaya). Bird data were taken using the IPA method and were carried out in 85 green open spaces. Total bird species found were 75 species, with the largest number found in Bogor (66 species), followed by Surabaya (36 species), Bandung (28 species), Sukabumi (26 species), and Yogyakarta (19 species). The locations with the highest species richness in each city are Bogor Botanical Gardens (53 species), Cikundul Agrotourism Area Sukabumi (18 species), Bandung Zoological Garden (21 species), Gembira Loka Zoo (14 species), and Pakal City Forest Surabaya (20 species). Commonly seen bird species are dominated by generalist species typical of urban landscapes (e.g., Collocalia linchi, Passer montanus, and Pycnonotus aurigaster). Bird species richness has a positive correlation with the local area and habitat diversity. A total of 74 bird species are resident species that can be found throughout the year as birdwatching objects. Only one species are migrant species namely Merops philippinus.

This research can be used for long time that want to make direction of landuse model wherever it has

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C. manghas F. elastica S. macrophyllaPeningkatan konsentrasi CO secara efektif dapat dikendalikan dengan pembangunan hutan kota melalui pemilihan jenis tanaman perkotaan yang memiliki potensi serapan CO tinggi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan data potensi serapan CO oleh daun pada sembilan jenis tanaman di jalur hijau Jalan Pajajaran, Bogor. Data primer dikumpulkan melalui survei lapangan dan analisis laboratorium sampel daun menggunakan metode karbohidrat. Studi kasus dan literatur untuk memperoleh data sekunder dari instansi atau literatur terkait, khususnya hasil studi dengan kasus serupa. Data lain yang dikumpulkan terdiri atas jumlah dan luas daun. Hasil analisis menunjukkan memiliki potensi serapan CO per daun tanaman paling tinggi yaitu sebesar 11,86 ton/daun/tahun. Selain itu, dan juga memiliki nilai serapan CO yang relatif baik dibandingkan jenis tanaman lain yaitu masing-masing sebesar 3,83 ton/daun/tahun dan 2,51 ton/daun/tahun. Adapun faktor inheren tanaman yang menentukan besarnya potensi serapan CO adalah luas daun, ketebalan daun, kehijauan daun, jumlah daun dan kadar air. Sedangkan faktor luar (eksternal) antara lain tempat hidup tanaman, ketersediaan air dan hara mineral, serta pengaruh cahaya dan suhu Serapan CO , metode karbohidrat, hutan kota, jumlah daun, luas daun.

Urban landscapes are usually dominated by built spaces and human-made vegetation, which different from natural landscapes. This difference will affect the composition of birds that can be found in the urban landscape. For birdwatchers, birds are the main object in birdwatching activities. The objectives of this paper were to analyze the feasibility of urban landscapes for birdwatching activities and find out the characteristics of urban landscapes favored by birdwatchers in four cities in Java (Bogor, Sukabumi, Bandung, and Surabaya). Birdwatchers’ site preference and perception were surveyed through online questionnaires in February through May 2020 (n=1,247 respondents). Surveyed data revealed that birdwatching sites’ size varied between 0.05 and 76.82 ha, mainly urban forests and city parks. Most of the urban landscape was habitat to various bird species typical of the urban landscape (e.g., Eurasian tree-sparrow, Cave swiftlet, Black-headed Bulbul). Raptors (e.g., Black-thighed Falconet) are found in several locations. Among the respondents, 25 % (n=309) had previously conducted birdwatching activities in urban landscapes, while 72.0% (n=808) expressed their interest in birdwatching in urban landscapes, indicating that urban landscapes was feasible for birdwatching. The most favorite locations were the Bogor Botanical Gardens, Darmaga Research Forest (both in Bogor), Merdeka Field Park, Cikundul Agrotourism Area (Sukabumi), Bandung Zoo, Babakan Siliwangi City Forest (Bandung), Bungkul Park, and Flora Park (Surabaya). Characteristics of sites favored by birdwatchers were a shady area, not noisy location, and any facilities for birdwatching. The diversity of bird species did not became the main reason.