ResumoApresentamos resultados de pesquisa que buscou compreender desempenhos em Matemática de estudantes brasileiros, baseada em dados do PISA. Pesquisa foi conduzida envolvendo: análise exploratória dos microdados do PISA 2012, análise do conteúdo dos itens públicos de Matemática utilizados no PISA 2012 e aplicação desses itens a estudantes de 15 anos matriculados no 1º ano do ensino médio em duas escolas públicas. Foi evidenciada porcentagem significativa de estudantes brasileiros nos níveis mais baixos da escala global e das subescalas de letramento matemático, configurando situação grave para cerca de metade de nossos estudantes. Conteúdos dos 56 itens públicos de Matemática foram analisados e classificados em relação a: especificidade do tema, contexto e exigência solicitada em sua solução. Ao aplicar esses itens ao grupo de estudantes do ensino médio, identificamos que as maiores dificuldades referem-se a cálculo da medida de área, triângulo retângulo e Teorema de Pitágoras.Palavras-chave: PISA; Letramento matemático; Itens públicos. AbstractIn this article, we present the results of a research that sought to understand the results in mathematics of Brazilian students, based on the PISA data. The research conducted involving different stages: exploratory analysis of PISA 2012 microdata, analysis of the content of public items of Mathematics used in the 2012 assessment and application of these items to a group of 15-year-old students enrolled in the first year of high school in two public schools. The results evidenced the existence of a significant percentage of Brazilian students located at the lower levels of the global scale and of the mathematical literacy subscales, which is a serious situation for about half of our students. The contents of the 56 public items of mathematics analyzed and classified in relation to the specificity of the theme, the context and the requirement requested in its solution. When applying these items to the group of high school students, we identified that the greatest difficulties referred to items that involved calculation of area measure, rectangle triangle and Pythagorean Theorem.
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