A system based on batch injection analysis (BIA) associated with amperometric detection at screen‐printed carbon electrode was used for the precise and rapid quantification of the anesthetics compounds benzocaine and tricaine in fresh fish fillets. Along this study, the best conditions for the BIA‐amperometry system were stablished for the rapid determination of these compounds. The results obtained demonstrate that the proposed method is an interesting alternative to the chromatographic methods, once it allows to perform rapid analysis (more than 300 injections per hour) with low limits of detection (3.02×10−8 mol L−1 for benzocaine and 3.19×10−8 mol L−1 for tricaine), using just 80 μL of sample for each analysis. Furthermore, it was possible to obtain high repeatability for both compounds analyzed, demonstrating good performance. The simple sample preparation developed in this study drastically reduced the amount of fat in the fish extract, favoring precision, as shown by the results of the recovery studies of both anesthetics contained in the fish samples (values above 99 % for both analytes).
The SDME-GC/MS method was applied to residual determination of anesthetic menthol in fish. The extractions took place from the headspace of the sample using 1.8µL of octane as the extraction solvent. To obtain the ideal extraction condition, was used Response Surface Methodology, defining: extraction time 15min, temperature 30°C and salt 3g. The method showed LOD and LOQ of 0.021 and 1.56µgL respectively, recovery of 94% and R of 0.9997. The analyzes were performed on tilapia fillets anesthetized in five concentrations between 5 and 15×10µgL and with times of slaughter after anesthesia of 0, 12, 24 and 48h. It was determined that 48h is the required residual period for total metabolization of menthol in the fishes' organisms. This methodology becomes promising regarding the establishment of protocols to regulatory the use of menthol as an anesthetic in aquaculture.
O crescente consumo de materiais, desde a era industrial, vem gerando resíduos que cada vez mais prejudicam o meio ambiente. O desenvolvimento de materiais sustentáveis, que agridam menos a natureza, tende a ser uma ótima alternativa tanto para a proteção ambiental, quanto para o desenvolvimento industrial. Deste modo, surgiram os biopolímeros. Estes novos materiais são obtidos através do processo de polimerização, que consiste no agrupamento de unidades monoméricas de fontes renováveis de carbono. O surgimento deste material biodegradável representa uma nova fase da sustentabilidade que visa o desenvolver tecnológico juntamente com a preocupação ambiental. Estes novos produtos possuem menor tempo de degradação na natureza, acarretando, desta forma menor poluição. O presente artigo de revisão visa à descrição das vantagens da utilização de Polímeros Biodegradáveis na diminuição dos impactos ambientais causados pela crescente urbanização. Dar-se-á enfoque a aplicação dos mesmos na agricultura, valendo-se principalmente da utilização dos chamados Hidrogéis, tidos como agentes condicionadores de solo.
Residual quantification of the anesthetics clove oil (CO) – isoeugenol (ISO), eugenol (EUG) and methyleugenol (MET) –,benzocaine (BZN) and tricaine (MS-222) was made in fillets of two fish species: Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) and acatfish hybrid, cachadia (Pseudoplatystoma reticulatum x Leiarius marmoratus). Samples (n=4) of each fish wereevaluated after submitted to anesthesia in five dosages defined based on the induction time of each species afterdepuration times (0h, 12h, 24h and 48h). Different methodologies of sample preparation were tested and selectedaccording to the better recovery. The quantification of anesthetics was performed by UPLC-DAD. The variance of residualmeans among anesthetics, dosages and fish species was compared. After anesthesia (0h) both species, tilapia andcachadia, presented residual anesthetics. Fishes depurated during 12h, 24h and 48h did not present detectable values, itmeans, values were below the limits of detection. BZN presented the highest mean residual concentration for tilapia andcachadia (p=0.01), while MS-222 presented the lowest residual amounts in tilapias and EUG in cachadias, what may berelated to the metabolism and carcass composition of each fish species. There were no significant differences among thefive dosages, except the lowest MS-222 concentration in tilapias that resulted in higher residual concentrations becauselow dosages increase the induction time and consequently the permanence of the fish in anesthesia. Ultimately, meanvalues of residues in cachadia were higher than in tilapia, and MS-222 and EUG presented the lowest residual values fortilapia and cachadia, respectively.
RESUMO A utilização de plantas medicinais na medicina alternativa vem sendo uma prática comum. A Aloe barbadensis miller, popularmente conhecida como babosa, é uma planta utilizada desde os tempos antigos, datando sua primeira utilização no Egito, no ano de 400 a.C. Esta planta possui em sua composição entidades químicas que atuam como agentes coadjuvantes para o tratamento de inúmeras patologias, alem de possuir propriedades antibacterianas, antifúngicas e antiflamatória. A proposta central do presente estudo foi desenvolver um sabonete antialérgico para uso dermatológico, mediante validação de um novo método de extração utilizando o extrato ativo de Aloe barbadensis Miller em propilenoglicol e glicerina. Para isso, foram realizadas macerações utilizando-se propilenoglicol e glicerina como reagentes extratores. O extrato obtido a partir de Glicerina apresentou elevada viscosidade em relação ao extrato utilizando Propilenoglicol. Em ambas macerações realizadas obtiveram-se resultados favoráveis ao seguimento químico/farmacêutico. Entretanto, observou-se que o produto final obtido a partir do reagente propilenoglicol, apresentou maior facilidade de homogeneização, sendo, portanto, mais viável economicamente ao mercado. Sugere-se a realização de testes biológicos específicos que efetivamente comprovem a eficiência antimicrobiana do sabonete desenvolvido. Palavras-Chave: Babosa. Glicerina. Propilenoglicol. Química farmacêutica.
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