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This study was carried out during the months of May and August, 2008 to determine the prevalence of eggs and larvae of gastrointestinal nematodes in nails of children, mother, venders and rickshaw pullers in Dhaka city. Out of 120 individuals, 77 were infected with different nematodes and the prevalence was 64.16%. Ascaris lumbricoides infestation was positive for 39 persons (50.65%), Trichuris trichiura for 18 (23.37%) and Ancylostoma duodenale for 20 (25.97%). Prevalence of nematode parasites in left hand of children in the age group 2-4 years had the highest prevalence (80%) in comparison with the left hand of the rickshaw pullers (75.75%). The highest infection was 80% among the people who used to wash their hands with only water after defaecation, 72.22% who washed their hands with soil and water, and only 12.5% who washed with soap and water. It was also found that 61 peoples did not cut their nails regularly and the infection rate was 79.22%. On the other hand, those who cut their nails regularly, the infection rate were 37.20%. A higher rate of infestation was thus found to be associated with poor socioeconomic conditions, poor sanitation, poor ecological conditions, general ignorance, unawareness of personal hygiene and miscellaneous bad habits. Key words:Gastrointestinal nematodes, eggs and larvae, nails, street inhabitants, Dhaka City.

Chloramphenicol (CAP; C 11 H 12 Cl 2 N 2 O 5 ; Figure 1) is a broadspectrum antibiotic having activity against both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria and is effective in the treatment of several infectious diseases in animals all over the world, including food-producing animals because of low cost, great pharmacokinetics properties (Zhiming et al., 2015), remarkable penetration into the tissues, and ready availability (Rønning et al., 2006). However, CAP is, in certain susceptible individuals, associated with harmful

Antibiotics are certainly miracle drugs and have comprehensive usages in humans and livestock for the treatment of various bacterial diseases. However, inappropriate or misuse of antibiotics can lead to the development of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria. Antibiotic resistance happens when bacteria change in responding to the usage of these medicines. These bacteria can also be disposed of from animals to humans via contact between humans and animals directly, or through the food chain and the environment. Antibiotic resistance is a great threat to global humanity as it can prolong treatment in hospitals, increase medical costs, increase mortality, and burden the family. Residual antibiotics above the maximum residue limit (MRL) are harmful to human health and animals and need to be monitored. By increasing national policies, international declarations, agreements for enough chemical and analytical instrumental facilities, and above all, creating awareness about the harmful effect of resistance, the situation of antibiotics resistance can be improved.

Different types of diseases inflict the inhabitants of Dhaka city from time to time. The focus of this study was to investigate disease prevalence, etiology and antibiotic sensitivity profiles reported at a local diagnostic service in Dhaka, Bangladesh. Pathogens were transported from a renowned local diagnostic centre in Dhaka city in Trypticase Soy broth (TSB) to the laboratory. Antibiogram was performed by Kirby Bauer disc diffusion assay. A total of 110 samples (20% blood (n = 22), 60.9% urine (n = 67), 13.64% pus (n =15), 3.64% sputum (n = 4) and 1.82% wound swab samples (n = 2) were collected for further investigation. Of the patients, 30% were male and 70% were female. In case of blood samples from diarrheal patients, Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi (72.7%) and S. enterica serovars Paratyphi (27.2%) were predominant. Both serovars were sensitive to Cefixime, Ceftriaxone and Gentamicin and resistant to Nalidixic acid. E. coli (91%) was the predominant pathogen in Urinary Tract Infection (UTI) patients followed by Klebsiella spp. (8.9%). E. coli exhibited resistance to Cephalosporins and Ciprofloxacin whereas Klebsiella spp. were, however, sensitive to these antibiotics. Both species showed resistance against Amoxicillin and sensitivity to Imipenem, Merpenem and Colistin. In pus samples, S. aureus (46.7%) prevailed followed by Klebsiella spp. (26.7%) and E. coli (26.7%) spp. All S. aureus isolates were sensitive to Fusidic acid, Vancomycin, Linezolid and Piperacillin and 50% were sensitive to Cephalosporins and Ciprofloxacin and resistant to Amoxycillin and Azithromycin. E. coli and Klebsiella spp. from pus samples could be inhibited by Carbapenem. As with UTI isolates, E. coli from pus were resistant to Cephalosporins, Ciprofloxacin and Amoxicillin whereas 66% Klebsiella spp. were sensitive to the first two. A total of 66% of E. coli and Klebsiella spp. showed sensitivity to Gentamicin and Amikacin. It was observed that there was a similarity in the antibiotic sensitivity pattern of the same bacterial spp. isolated from different disease cases. As a general rule, it was observed that Imipenem is a good treatment option for treating E. coli and Klebsiella spp., Cephalosporins for Salmonella while a number of treatment options existed for S. aureus infections. Bangladesh J Microbiol, Volume 36 Number 2 December 2019, pp 99-104