Background and Aim: The flavonoids from mistletoe are thought to have antimicrobial action. This encouraging finding supports the benefits of medicinal plants as a substitute for synthetic antimicrobials, thus promoting healthy lifestyles. In contrast, it is known that the use of topical drug formulations made from flavonoids of mistletoe (Dendrophthoe pentandra (L.) Miq. Loranthaceae) with Indonesian name, Benalu duku (BD) is required in skin cell irritation. This study aimed to assess the toxic effects of the flavonoid substances of BD, as an initial screening. Materials and Methods: A myeloma cell line was cultured in Roswell Park Memorial Institute medium, and the Baby Hamster Kidney clone 12 (BHK21) cell line was cultured in Dulbecco's Modified Eagle's Medium from stock (±9 × 107 cells/mL), and 1.2 mL of culture were distributed into each well of a microtiter plate. Subsequently, 0.2 mL of serially diluted flavonoid compounds (0.5–3 μg/mL) were added to 12 wells for each concentration, as trial groups (including control groups), followed by a 2-day incubation. Observations were performed based on the cytopathic effect (CPE) using an inverted microscope at a magnification of 100×. Results: Cytopathic effect was detected on the microtiter plate wells for the groups of myeloma and BHK21 cells at a flavonoid concentration of 0.5 μg/mL–3 μg/mL. Conclusion: Flavonoid compounds from BD were safely used for topical treatment of cancer cells at a concentration <2.491 μg/mL, whereas for non-cancerous cells, a concentration <2.582 μg/mL was sufficient (p < 0.05).

Aim: This research aimed to determine the efficacy of Syzygium cumini L. as an adjuvant therapy on blood changes and splenic index of mice model malaria. Materials and Methods: Mice were infected intraperitoneally with 0.2 ml red blood cell (RBC) that contains 1×106 Plasmodium berghei. 35 mice were divided into seven treatment groups: Group K0: Mice were not infected; K1: Mice were infected; K2: Mice were infected and given chloroquine; P1: Mice were infected and given S. cumini leaf extract; P2: Mice were infected and given chloroquine and also S. cumini leaf extract; P3: Mice was infected and given S. cumini stem bark extract; and P4: Mice were infected and given chloroquine and S. cumini stem bark extract. Treatment was given for 4 days 24 h post-P. berghei infection. 21st day post-P. berghei infection, blood was taken from the heart for hematological examination, and the spleen was taken to examine the splenic index and also to measure the weight and length of the spleen. Hematological data and splenic index were analyzed by analysis of variance test, and if there is a difference, the test is continued by Duncan's multiple range test with 5% level. Results: The K0 group has normal hemoglobin (HGB), RBC, and hematocrit (HCT) and significantly different (p<0.05) than other groups. HGB, RBC, and HCT of K1 group were under normal range, lowest, and significantly different (p<0.05) than other groups. Mean corpuscular volume and mean corpuscular HGB values of K2 groups showed a decrease. The number of leukocytes, lymphocytes, and monocytes of K1 groups was increasing and significantly different (p<0.05) with K2 and treatment group. The length, width, weight, and splenic index of K1 group were significantly different (p<0.05) with K0 group. K2 and treatment groups showed that the length and width of spleens were significantly different (p<0.05) with K1. Conclusion: The combination of chloroquine with leaf and chloroquine with stem bark extract of S. cumini as adjuvant therapy may increase the amount of erythrocyte; decrease the number of leukocytes, lymphocytes, and monocytes; and decrease the length, width, and splenic index on malaria mice models.

This research aim to attest the potential anthelmintic extract  mango seed gadung  (Mangifera indica L.) against worms Mecistosirrus digitatus in vitro, the study also aims to determine the effect of immersion time, variasis concentration and the relationship between time and treatment. this study used 210 M. digitatus worm extracted regardless of gender worms. treatment that is given was  the concentration  extract  mango seed gadung  was 5%, 7.07%, 10%, 14.14%, 20%, negative control using NaCl physiological  and comparison using levamisole Hidrokloride 0.0025 mL. Observations death worm Mecistocirrus digitatus and observations were made at the 6th hour, 12th hour, 18th hour and 24th hour. The results showed that variations in concentration, soaking time and the relationship between soaking time with the treatment affect mortality Mecistocirrus digitatus worms. Test results of the analysis statitistik using factorial Anova and Duncan's Multiple Range Test showed a significant difference (p<0.01) between the time factor, variations in concentration and relations between time and treatment.

The Aim of research to determine the potential of anting-anting (Acalypha indica L.) leaf extract as anti-scabies to Sarcoptes scabiei var. Cuniculi in vitro by observing the mortality rates and lethal concentration of Sarcoptes scabiei. There were 5 treatments namely DMSO 0.5% (PN). Amitraz (P0), anting-anting (Acalypha indica L.) leaf extract concentratrion of 6,25% (P1), 12,5% (P2) and 25% (P3). Observations were carried out for 8 hours with stereomicroscope. The data  was analyzed using rpobit analysis with SPSS 20.0 software. The results showed that the fastest mortality rate of S. Scabiei was group p3 at 4.6 mites/hour., then P0, P2, P1 and PN respectively 3.5, 3.1, 1.9, and 1.3 mites/ hour. The smallest concentration of anting-anting (Acalypha indica L.) leaf extract was not significantly different compared to amitraz  for killing of 50% and 90% S. Scabiei was 12.5% with lethal time (LT50) 1.82 hours and (LT90) 3.69 hours. In conclusion, anting-anting (Acalypha indica L.) leaf extract has mortality rate against S. Scabiei var. Cuniculi of 3.1 mites/hour, lethal concentration of 12.5% and potential as anti-scabies in vitro.

Increase in neutrophil count after repeated exposure of Plasmodium berghei-infected mice to artemisinin