Escherichia coli (E. coli) can be isolated from the environment both inside and outside the hospes body. There were 89 serotypes in which 21% showed resistance to various antibiotics, such as E. coli enterotoxin. Alternative efforts were needed as a substitute for antibiotics, one of them through the use of medicinal plants, such as meniran (Phyllanthus niruri Linn).  Meniran plant is an immunomodulator that serves to repair the immune system of the body. The research was done through several stages: isolation and identification of  E. coli enterotoxin from several broiler farms in East Java using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method, E. coli resistance test against some antibiotics, making meniran extract and activation test against E. coli enterotoxin The study was divided into five treatments: T0+ (group of chickens were infected by E. coli enterotoxin), T0- (control group, not infected), T1 (infected by E. coli enterotoksin + 20% meniran extract), T2 (infected by E. coli enterotoksin + 25% extract meniran), T3 (infected by E. coli enterotoxin + 30% extract meniran). Data were analyzed by ANOVA (Analysis of Variance). The results were showed that all of  E. coli DNA isolates which tested by the PCR method was showed positive reactions at 600 bp. In the next stage, that E. coli enterotoxin are resistance to some antibiotics, such as Amoxicillin, Amphicillin, Erythromycin, Cephalosporins, Tetracycline, Cloxacillin and Gentamicin. Furthermore, 30% Phyllanthus niruri linn extract  effective as an antibacterial for the prevention of antibiotic resistance from E. coli enterotoxin.

Aim: This research aimed to determine the efficacy of Syzygium cumini L. as an adjuvant therapy on blood changes and splenic index of mice model malaria. Materials and Methods: Mice were infected intraperitoneally with 0.2 ml red blood cell (RBC) that contains 1×106 Plasmodium berghei. 35 mice were divided into seven treatment groups: Group K0: Mice were not infected; K1: Mice were infected; K2: Mice were infected and given chloroquine; P1: Mice were infected and given S. cumini leaf extract; P2: Mice were infected and given chloroquine and also S. cumini leaf extract; P3: Mice was infected and given S. cumini stem bark extract; and P4: Mice were infected and given chloroquine and S. cumini stem bark extract. Treatment was given for 4 days 24 h post-P. berghei infection. 21st day post-P. berghei infection, blood was taken from the heart for hematological examination, and the spleen was taken to examine the splenic index and also to measure the weight and length of the spleen. Hematological data and splenic index were analyzed by analysis of variance test, and if there is a difference, the test is continued by Duncan's multiple range test with 5% level. Results: The K0 group has normal hemoglobin (HGB), RBC, and hematocrit (HCT) and significantly different (p<0.05) than other groups. HGB, RBC, and HCT of K1 group were under normal range, lowest, and significantly different (p<0.05) than other groups. Mean corpuscular volume and mean corpuscular HGB values of K2 groups showed a decrease. The number of leukocytes, lymphocytes, and monocytes of K1 groups was increasing and significantly different (p<0.05) with K2 and treatment group. The length, width, weight, and splenic index of K1 group were significantly different (p<0.05) with K0 group. K2 and treatment groups showed that the length and width of spleens were significantly different (p<0.05) with K1. Conclusion: The combination of chloroquine with leaf and chloroquine with stem bark extract of S. cumini as adjuvant therapy may increase the amount of erythrocyte; decrease the number of leukocytes, lymphocytes, and monocytes; and decrease the length, width, and splenic index on malaria mice models.

Rivalry among the US and Cina about trade war gives enormous effects towards many states around the world, including ASEAN. ASEAN region is the central market on Pacific. Because of this rivalry, every Cina’s export to US will decrease about 10%, and also reduce 1.1% economy growth in ASEAN. This phenomenon emerges the big question concerning the role of ASEAN. This research paper will answer the role of ASEAN as the multilateral organization on balancing their interests in the middle of trade war. Afterwards, this paper focuses on the topics of rivalry between US and Cina related to economics. The discussion is divided into two main points, first is about the trade war, and second is the role of RCEP to establish the balance of ASEAN’s economy. International cooperation on liberal perspective is used to analyze these case problems. This paper argues that ASEAN is trying to impetus cooperation between its member for facing the challenge of the US and Cina’s trade war. Cooperation is the best way for ASEAN seeing this phenomenon.Keywords: US, Cina, trade war, economy, liberalism

This study aimed to evaluate the potential of rice bran fermented by the enzyme phytase in basal feed to the total blood cholesterol level of laying hen. This research use an experimental method in vivo with a completely randomized design consisting of six treatments and four replications in each treatment. The experimental animals used 24 48-week-old female laying hen strain Isa Brown. The treatment wa given basal feed substituted with different percentage of fermented rice bran by phytase enzyme and 2% lemuru fish oil supplementation. In this research the amount of fermented rice bran by phytase enzyme substituted on basal feed was: treatment P0 (-) (0%), P0 (+) (0%), P1 (5%), P2 (10%) P3 (15%) and P4 (20%). The results of the statistical analysis showed that there are no significant differences (p> 0.05) on total blood cholesterol levels in all treatments. The conclusion of the research is that rice bran fermented by phytase enzymes tends to decrease total blood cholesterol levels in laying hen.

The aim of this research was to explore the hematological value of leopard gecko (Eublepharis macularius). Total of 20 samples were examined, its consists of 10 males and 10 females, blood samples were taken from vena ventral abdominal and deposited into EDTA tubes, fresh blood leaves little to make blood smear, total blood examination conducted with automatic hematological analyzer ABX MICROS 60 and for total leukocyte and differential leukocyte count used standard manual method. The mean result of hematological value of leopard gecko in this research are WBC (x103/mm3) 7,12 male, 8,09 female, Lymphocyte (%) 46,2 male, 38,4 female, Monocyte (%) 17 male, 17,3 female, Heterophil (%) 18,3 male, 21,8 female, Eosinophil (%) 10,8 male, 13,9 female, Basofil (%) 7,7 male, 8,6 female, RBC (106/mm3) 0,64 male, 0,65 female, HGB (g/dl) 8,95 male, 9,46 female, Hematocrit (%) 10,55 male and 9,26 female. In all parameters showed that hematology value of male gecko leopard was lower than female gecko except on two parameters which are hematocrit and lymphocyte which showed male gecko has the higher value than females, but the hematology value difference of both sexes leopard gecko is not significant except in heterophil value.