Effectiveness of Meniran (Phyllanthus Niruri Linn) as Antibacterial for Resistance Antibiotics Prevention of Enterotoxin Escherichia Coli

Abstract

Escherichia coli (E. coli) can be isolated from the environment both inside and outside the hospes body. There were 89 serotypes in which 21% showed resistance to various antibiotics, such as E. coli enterotoxin. Alternative efforts were needed as a substitute for antibiotics, one of them through the use of medicinal plants, such as meniran (Phyllanthus niruri Linn). Meniran plant is an immunomodulator that serves to repair the immune system of the body. The research was done through several stages: isolation and identification of E. coli enterotoxin from several broiler farms in East Java using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method, E. coli resistance test against some antibiotics, making meniran extract and activation test against E. coli enterotoxin The study was divided into five treatments: T0+ (group of chickens were infected by E. coli enterotoxin), T0- (control group, not infected), T1 (infected by E. coli enterotoksin + 20% meniran extract), T2 (infected by E. coli enterotoksin + 25% extract meniran), T3 (infected by E. coli enterotoxin + 30% extract meniran). Data were analyzed by ANOVA (Analysis of Variance). The results were showed that all of E. coli DNA isolates which tested by the PCR method was showed positive reactions at 600 bp. In the next stage, that E. coli enterotoxin are resistance to some antibiotics, such as Amoxicillin, Amphicillin, Erythromycin, Cephalosporins, Tetracycline, Cloxacillin and Gentamicin. Furthermore, 30% Phyllanthus niruri linn extract effective as an antibacterial for the prevention of antibiotic resistance from E. coli enterotoxin.

Combination of Antibacterial Activity of Ethanol Extract of Meniran Leaves and Kenikir Leaves Against Shigella dysenteriae

“…The Meniran leaf ethanolic extract contained: saponins, tannins, flavonoids, polyphenols, and alkaloids (Table 5). This was in accordance with several previous studies that meniran leaves contained saponins, tannins, flavonoids [12], alkaloids [10,16], polyphenols [14]. A previous study has shown that Kenikir leaves contained saponins, tannins, alkaloids, flavonoids, and polyphenols [20,[35][36][37], following the present study (Table 5).…”

“…Many plants have antibacterial potentials, containing bactericidal compounds (bacterial killer) and bacteriostatic compounds (bacterial growth inhibitors) [9]. Several plants which have medicinal and antibacterial potentials are Meniran (Phyllanthus niruri L.) [10] and Kenikir (Cosmos caudatus Kunth) [11]. Meniran plants can grow wild in the tropical climate and have been used as an antibacterial agent [12].…”

Uji Aktivitas Antibakteri Fraksi n-heksan dari Ekstrak Daun Meniran (phyllanthus niruri L.) Terhadap Pertumbuhan Bakteri salmonella sp.

“…Aktivitas antimikroba akan ditunjukkan dengan terbentuknya zona atau daerah bening pada medium pertumbuhan bakteri uji (Hidanah, Sabdoningrum, Wahyuni, et al, 2018). Berdasarkan hasil pengamatan pada waktu inkubasi 24 jam, seperti yang terlihat pada gambar 1, aktivitas antimikroba terbesar ditunjukkan pada konsentrasi 5% dengan diameter hambatan 16,02 mm.…”

Novel Combination of Andrographis paniculata and Phyllanthus niruri to Improve Performance of Laying Hens Infected with Escherichia coli

“…Saponins are antimicrobial, these compounds can reduce the surface tension of the cell walls which causes the cell walls to lysis and eventually bacterial death [10] . Tannin compounds, which are compounds of P. niruri, have mechanism of action to inhibit and kill bacteria that react with bacterial cell membrane and destroy or inactivate the function of genetic material in bacterial cells [11] . The mechanism of tannin compounds is that they enter into the cell walls of bacteria that have been lysed due to the action of saponin and flavonoid compounds so tannin compounds can easily enter the bacterial cell wall and coagulate the protoplasm of bacterial cells.…”