Keeping in view various pharmacological attributes of curcumin, coumarin, and isatin derivatives, triazole-tethered monocarbonyl curcumin–coumarin and curcumin–isatin molecular hybrids have been synthesized and evaluated for their antibacterial potential against Gram-positive ( Enterococcus faecalis and Staphylococcus aureus ) and Gram-negative ( Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli ) human pathogenic bacterial strains. Among all hybrid molecules, A-4 and B-38 showed the most potent antibacterial activity with inhibition zones of 29 and 31 mm along with MIC values of 12.50 and 6.25 μg/mL, respectively. Structure–activity relationship that emerged from biological data revealed that the two-carbon alkyl chain between triazole and coumarin/isatin moiety is well tolerable for the activity. Bromo substitution at the fifth position of isatin, para-cholo substitution in the case of curcumin–isatin, and para-methoxy in the case of curcumin–coumarin hybrids on ring A of curcumin are most suitable groups for the antibacterial activity. Various types of binding interactions of A-4 and B-38 within the active site of dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) of S. aureus are also streamlined by molecular modeling studies, suggesting their capability in completely blocking DHFR.

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Oral dosage forms are mostly preferred route for administering drugs to patient. But due to the poor solubility many drug has limited used in oral administration. Solubility is a one of the significant factor which affects dissolution rate and bioavailability. Solid dispersion is an effective method of improving the dissolution rate of poorly water soluble drugs and hence its bioavailability. In this study will focus on various methods of solid dispersion preparation, their advantages and major challenges

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