Background: Computers have significantly impacted cognitive, social, physical and various other aspects of the modern daily lives of computer users, especially among internet users. Our life is inseparable from the internet, e.g., chatting, online shopping, gaming, video conferencing, and emailing. In the modern day, nearly every job is done sitting in front of a computer. Majority of the day is spent on the computer either working or for recreational purposes. Consequently, the effects of computer use on eyes and vision has increased too. This study will review the factors relating to eye and vision problems amongst students and its association with computer work and provide recommendations for preventing or reducing their development. Aims and Objectives: The aim of the current study was to estimate the prevalence of computer vision syndrome, its knowledge and application among medical students. Materials and Methods: This was a cross-sectional study, which was carried out amongst the MBBS students (1st, 2nd and 3rd year) of Rama Medical College Hospital and Research Center, Kanpur, India. The data was collected between January 2017 to March 2017. Students who gave their consent were taken up for the study. A pretested, semi-structured questionnaire was used to collect the data. Results: A total of 214 medical students participated and majority of them were below 22 years of age. The prevalence of Computer Vision Syndrome was found to be 83% [95% CI = 67.9% - 91.6%]. More than 70% students spend up to 4 hours in front of computer. Roughly 40% knowledge of Computer Vision Syndrome, but only 10% took any measures to prevent the disease. And those who had symptoms experience them within 2-3 hours of computer use. Majority of them complained of having watery eyes and blurred vision. Conclusion: A significant proportion of students do manifests Computer Vision Syndrome and denotes that the health of the people working on the computers should be emphasized as a field of concern in public health. These are young kids and having this syndrome so early in life will have a detrimental effect on their health in future. Hence the stakeholders involved, needs to be sensitized regarding the importance of the regular eye and health check-ups and proper rest to the eyes. Further research is recommended to know the depth of the problem as it has the potential to become a modern-day pandemic.

Background: Menopause is an important event in women’s life and it marks the end of a woman`s reproductive life. Perimenopause is the interval in which a woman`s body makes a natural shift from regular cycles of ovulation & menstruation to irregular cycles and various forms of abnormal uterine bleeding. Dysfunctional uterine bleeding (DUB) is a very frequent complaint from women in the perimenopausal age group. The histological diagnosis of DUB and its proper management is very essential in this age group. Aims and Objective: Primary aim of our study was to identify the spectrum of histological changes that occur in the endometrium in perimenopausal age group and to identify the demographic pattern of each histological change. Materials and Methods: Fifty-two specimens of endometrial biopsy obtained from the patients in the perimenopausal age group of 40-50 years attending the Gynaecology and Obstetrics department were studied. Results: 71.15% cases of DUB was diagnosed amongst the 52 endometrial biopsy specimens in perimenopausal age group and Secretory endometrium is most common histological pattern. Conclusion: This study reflects a spectrum of endometrial histology present during perimenopausal age. This study has  also highlighted the correlation of endometrial histology with final diagnoses of the patients, and this may help in diagnosis and treatment of gynaecological diseases of this specific age group in future.

The axillary arch is a variative muscular slip encountered in the axillary region which usually connects latissimus dorsi to pectoralis major. Reported here is a rare case of bilateral axillary arch splitting the radial nerve into two roots in each side as observed during routine dissection of the axillary region of an old male cadaver. The anatomy, surgical implications, and embryology of the anomalous muscle have been discussed. Clinicians should be aware of its existence as it can give rise to different pathologies. It should be recognised and excised to expose the axillary artery and vein in patients with trauma and to perform axillary lymphadenectomy or axillary bypass. It should be considered in the differential diagnosis of axillary masses or in a history of intermittent axillary vein obstruction.Journal of College of Medical Sciences-Nepal, 2014, Vol-10, No-3, 56-60

Background: Mitral valve diseases are quite common in Indian Population across the age groups and the latest trend in the valvular surgery for better outcome is “Respect rather than Resect”. So, reconstructive surgeries being a preferred modality of treatment in Mitral Valvular Disorders, morphometric parameters of mitral valve are of immense importance. Aims and Objective: This study deals with the age wise variation of the morphometric parameters of the mitral valve. Material and Method: In this study, fifty formalin hardened cadaveric hearts were studied which were dissected and measurements of the morphometric parameters were recorded and analysed. Results: While analyzing the data on the weight of the heart,mean annular circumference (MAC), antero-posterior (APD) and transverse diameter (TD) of the mitral valve annulus, it was observed that all the parameters significantly increases with age. Conclusion: This data will be immensely helpful in planning the reconstructive surgeries of mitral valve age-wise.

Background: Communications between nerves are relatively common, and individual variations in their anatomical organization have been described in various studies. Knowledge of the prevalence of such variations is necessary when establishing the diagnosis of neuropathies and surgical landmarks. This study has as purpose to report the incidence, type, topography of the presence of median and ulnar nerve communication in the forearm