Marker-Assisted Selection (MAS) is a used for indirect selection of superior breeding animals. MAS depend on identifying association between genetic marker and linked Quantitative traits loci (QTL).The association between marker and QTL depend on distance between marker and target traits. As soon as markers linked to QTL have been identified, they can be used in selection programme. This use of marker in selection is called Marker-Assisted Selection. MAS is beneficial when the traits are difficult and expensive to measure and low heritability and recessive traits. MAS facilitate the exploitation of existing genetic diversity in breeding populations and can be used to improve desirable traits in livestock. Marker-Assisted Selection (MAS) is the most widely used application of marker systems in breeding.

The captive breeding is one aspect of species conservation efforts, which involve breed animals of an endangered species in captivity with the goal of releasing them back into the wild at some time in the future. The captive breeding of endangered wildlife animals is often necessary for their conservation. It prevents the extinction of a species, subspecies or population. Small captive populations are likely to become extinct. Detailed breeding plans based on the principles of population genetics and demography can greatly increase their chances of long-term survival. Captive breeding started with small number of founder population potentially increases the chances of inbreeding that lead to poor fitness of these populations, decrease in genetic diversity and reproductive and survival rates leading to increased extinction risk.

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