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In this paper a frequency reconfigurable pixel antenna is implemented using PIN diodes. The overall dimension of the patch antenna is 26.9 × 24.5 mm, and it is fabricated on an FR4 substrate. The design is investigated by the simulation and measurement of S 11 parameters and radiation patterns. With different combinations of PIN diode biasing conditions, the antenna can be set to 2.5 GHz, 3.9 GHz, and 10 GHz. The antenna shows a consistent radiation pattern at all the reconfigured frequency bands. In the accessible frequency range, an average gain of 6 dB and low level of cross polarization are also recorded. A good agreement between the measured and simulated results validates the presented concept of frequency reconfiguration.

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In this paper a low profile frequency reconfigurable antenna is proposed that can conform to the host surface. The proposed design is a pixelated antenna structure with a grid of small metallic patches with RF switches for re-configurability. The prototype of the proposed design is designed on an FR4 substrate with the relative dielectric constant of 4.4 and thickness of 1.6 mm. This antenna is capable of resonating in three different frequencies. The prototype resonates at 10 GHz with return loss of − 12.47 dB and gain of 4.35 dB, 3.9 GHz with return loss of − 19.95 dB and gain of 3.52 dB and 2.6 GHz with a return loss of − 14.22 dB and gain of 4.26 dB. The simulated result shows that the gain of the pixel antenna on FR4 substrate ~ 4 dB comparable to gain attained by pixel antenna on substrates with low tangent loss and low dielectric constant. It is observed that the measured results are in good agreement with the simulated result.

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