Bu araştırmanın temel amacı, zayıf çözünen ilaçların çözünürlüğünü arttırmak için geleneksel üretim yöntemiyle uyumlu, çeşitli doğal polimerler kullanarak BCS Sınıf II ilaçların katı dispersiyonlarını geliştirmek ve değerlendirmektir. Gereç ve Yöntemler: Bu çalışmada, ksantan zamkı, gaur zamkı ve akasya ve bunların kombinasyonları kullanılarak çözücü buharlaştırma yöntemi ile etoricoxib katı dispersiyonu hazırlanmıştır. Katı dispersiyonlar ve toz halindeki saf etoricoxib, Fourier transform kızılötesi spektroskopisi, diferansiyel tarama kalorimetrisi (DSC), toz x-ışını difraktogramı ve in vitro etken madde salımı saf ilaç ve aynı oranlara karşılık gelen fiziksel karışımlarla karşılaştırmalı olarak karakterize edilmiştir. Bulgular: 1: 2: 2: 2 ilaç taşıyıcı oranları ile hazırlanan katı dispersiyon (ET11), farklı çözücüler içinde en yüksek çözünürlüğü göstermiştir. Bu nedenle, karakterizasyon için 1: 2: 2: 2 oranlarındaki ET11 seçilmiştir. DSC çalışması, etoricoxib'in kristal yapısının amorf hale geçtiğini göstermiştir. Her bir şekildeki katı dispersiyonların kırınım modeli, 2ɵ değerlerindeki kırınım piklerinin saf etken maddeninkinden daha az gerilime sahip olduğunu göstermiştir. Bu, etken madde örneğinin kristal yapısının, ET11 ile amorf hale dönüştürüldüğünü göstermiştir. Katı dispersiyonun taramalı elektron mikroskobu fotoğrafları daha gözenekli yapıda görünmektedir. İn vitro etken madde salım profilinden, ETM11 formülasyonunun diğer formülasyonlara kıyasla %98,2±1,3 gibi daha yüksek çözünme oranı gösterdiği görülebilir. Artan taşıyıcı konsantrasyonunun etken maddenin çözünme hızını arttırdığı tahmin edilmektedir. Sonuç: Bu çalışma, doğal taşıyıcı kullanılarak hazırlanan etoricoxibin katı dispersiyonunun çözünürlük ve çözünme artışı için umut verici bir formülasyon olabileceğini göstermiştir. Kullanılan doğal polimerler, formülasyonlardan etken madde salımının değiştirilmesinde ümit verici sonuçlar göstermiştir. Anahtar kelimeler: Etorikoxib, katı dispersiyonlar, Xanthan zamkı, guar zamkı, acacia zamkı Objectives: The main objective of the present investigation to develop and evaluate solid dispersions of BCS Class II drugs etoricoxib employing various natural polymers, compatible with conventional manufacturing method to enhance solubility of poorly soluble drugs. Materials and Methods: In this study, etoricoxib solid dispersion were prepared using xanthan gum, gaur gum and acacia and their combinations by solvent evaporation method. Solid dispersions and pure etoricoxib in the form of powder were characterized in comparison with pure drug and corresponding physical mixtures in the same ratios by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), powder X-ray diffractogram, and in vitro drug release. Results: Solid dispersion (ET11) prepared with 1: 2: 2: 2 drug carrier ratios were showed highest solubility in different solvents. Hence the solid dispersion (ET11) of 1: 2: 2: 2 ratios were selected for characterization. The DSC study indicated that the crystalline nature of etoricox...
Objective: Carvedilol an antihypertensive drug, exhibits poor solubility and dissolution rate. Hence an attempt has been made to prepare the Cocrystals of Carvedilol to increase the solubility and dissolution rate. Methods:The Co-crystals of Carvedilol were prepared using coformer such as succinic acid, fumaric acid and oxalic acid by Solvent evaporation method. The prepared Co-crystals were evaluated for solubility, dissolution rate and micrometric properties. The Co-crystals were characterized by scanning electronic Microscopy (SEM), FT-Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) and X-ray Diffractometry (XRD).Results: SEM of pure carvedilol and Cocrystals morphology clearly showed the formation of a new solid phase with the coformer. The FT-IR spectra indicate the shifting of characteristic peak in the Co-crystals but does not show any interaction between the co-former used. DSC data showed the change in the endotherm with the melting point of Co-crystals. XRD spectra indicate the notified difference in the 2θ and the intensity of the peaks. Solubility of CAR-SA Cocrystals (2.225±0.35), CAR-FA Cocrystals (1.880±0.20) and CAR-OA Cocrystals (1.128±0.23) was markedly improved compared to pure Carvedilol (0.376±0.06). Thus the increased in dissolution rate for CAR-SA Cocrystals (93.72 %). was highest whereas CAR-FA Cocrystals (91.56 %), CAR-OA Cocrystals (88.93 %) compared to pure Carvedilol (40.3) within 60 Min. The Carvedilol cocrystals were also showed improvement in the flow properties compare to pure Carvedilol. Conclusion:Hence the Co-crystal formation could be helpful to improve the solubility, dissolution and micromeritic properties of Carvedilol.
Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı, çözünürlük, çözünme hızı ve diğer fizikokimyasal özelliklerini iyileştirmek için ritonavirin CCA'larını elde etmektir. Gereç ve Yöntemler: Ritonavir aglomeraları, CCA tekniği kullanılarak hazırlandı. Kristalizasyon ortamı olarak HPMC K-15, PEG-6000, PVP K-30 içeren aseton-su kullanıldı. Aglomeratlar, doygunluk çözünürlüğü, mikromeritik özellikler, verim ve etkin madde içeriği açısından değerlendirildi. Aglomeratlar ayrıca FTIR, DSC, XRPD ve SEM kullanılarak karakterize edildi. Bulgular: Aglomeratların partikül büyüklüğünün ve küresel formunun büyümesi, iyi akış ve paketleme özelliklerine sahip ürünlerin oluşumu ile sonuçlandı. Aglomere olmuş kristallerin iyileşmiş sıkıştırma özellikleri, sıkıştırma sırasında meydana gelen parçalanmadan kaynaklanmıştır. DSC ve XRD çalışmaları, HPMC, PEG-6000, PVP K-30 ve seyrelticilerin varlığında kristalleşen ritonavir partiküllerinin yapısal modifikasyonlara maruz kalmadığını gösterdi. Ritonavir aglomeratlarının çözünürlüğü ve çözünme hızı, saf ritonavir ile karşılaştırılır derecede gelişti. Sonuç: Ritonavirin fizikokimyasal özelliklerini iyileştirmek için kristalo-koaglomerasyonu başarıyla uygulanmıştır. Anahtar kelimeler: Kristalo-koaglomerasyon, çözünürlük, çözünme, ritonavir Objectives:The aim of the present study was to obtain CCA of ritonavir to improve the solubility, dissolution rate, and other physicochemical properties. Materials and Methods: Ritonavir agglomerates were prepared using the CCA technique. Acetone-water containing HPMC K-15, PEG-6000, PVP K-30 was used as the crystallization medium. The agglomerates were evaluated for saturation solubility, micromeritic properties, yield, and drug content. The agglomerates were also characterized using FTIR, DSC, XRPD and SEM. Results: The growth of particle size and the spherical form of the agglomerates resulted in the formation of products with good flow and packing properties. The improved compaction properties of the agglomerated crystals were due to the fragmentation that occurred during compression. DSC and XRD studies showed that ritonavir particles crystallized in the presence of HPMC, PEG-6000, PVP K-30 and diluents did not undergo structural modifications. The solubility and dissolution rate of ritonavir agglomerates were improve compare to pure ritonavir. Conclusion: CCA was successfully applied to improve the physicochemical properties of ritonavir.
Background Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) causes severe life-threatening condition, i.e., AIDS. HIV destabilises an individual’s ability to prevent infection. Therefore, the combine medication lamivudine (LVD) and tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) are prescribed to suppress the amount of HIV infection in individual’s body; thus, the individual’s immune system could function properly. Consequently, the objective of present research work was to investigate robust and sensitive liquid chromatography avenue for simultaneous determination of lamivudine and tenofovir disoproxil fumarate in pure material and combined dosage form. Results The reversed-phase chromatographic separation has been performed through Hypersil BDS C18 column using solvent system composed of 10 mM potassium dihydrogen phosphate (pH 4.0): acetonitrile (60:40% v/v). The determination was executed at 30 oC at 1 mL/min rate for flow of solvent system through column. The eluents of column were monitored at 265 nm using Photodiode Array detector has revealed admirable retention times, i.e., 4.67 and 8.78 min for both drugs, respectively. The calibration curve demonstrated excellent linearity in the range of 10–50 μg/mL for lamivudine and tenofovir disoproxil fumarate with better determination coefficients was more than (r2 0.999). Conclusion The estimable method was effectively validated with respect to accuracy, precision, sensitive (limit of detection and limit of quantitation), robustness, ruggedness, and for selectivity and specificity. The value less than 2 for percentage relative standard deviation for accuracy, precision, robustness, and ruggedness satisfying the acceptance criteria as per procedure of International Council for Harmonization of Technical Requirements for Pharmaceuticals for Human Use.
The aim of present study is to formulate and evaluate extended release matrix tablet of Nateglinide by direct compression method using different polymer like HPMC K4 and HPMC K15. Matrix tablet of nateglidine were prepared in combination with the polymer HPMC K4, HPMC K15, along with the excipients and the formulations were evaluated for tablet properties and in vitro drug release studies. Nateglinide matrix tablet prepared by using polymer such as HPMC K4 and HPMC K15, it was found that HPMC K15 having higher viscosity as compare to HPMC K4 therefore different concentration of polymer were studied to extend the drug release up to 12 h. The tablets of Nateglinide prepared by direct compression had acceptable physical characteristics and satisfactory drug release. The study demonstrated that as far as the formulations were concerned, the selected polymers proved to have an acceptable flexibility in terms of in-vitro release profile. In present the study the percent drug release for optimize batch was found to 94.62%. Hence it can be conclude that Nateglinide extended release matrix tablet can prepared by using HPMC. The swollen tablet also maintains its physical integrity during the drug release study Keywords: Tablet, in-vitro drug release, Nateglinide, HPMC
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