A new flavonol glycoside, kaempferol 3-O-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl (1-->2)-alpha-L-rhamnopyranoside (1), was isolated from the flowers of Cassia hirsuta along with two known flavonol glycosides, kaempferol 3-O-rutinoside and rutin. The structure of compound 1 has been established on the basis of spectral data and by acid hydrolysis.

IThe alcoholic extract of the leaves and twigs of Hippomane mancinella L. was separated first into two toxic fractions: the water-soluble ( A ) and the ether-soluble (B). Chromatography of ( A ) gave fractions A1-A,, all of which were purified and characterized. Al was found to be 2-hydroxy-4,6-dimethoxyacetophenone. Fraction A, was shown t o be ellagic acid while A2-A, were its tri-, di-and monomethyl ethers respectively. A6 and A, were found to be the toxic principles of the aqueous ( A ) fraction and were named hippomanins B and A respectively. Of these, the major component, hippomanin A was obtained as a pale yellow crystalline solid of molecular formula C27H2201e. Hippomane mancinella L. ( N . 0. Euphorbiaceae), commonly called manchineel, has enjoyed the reputation of being one of the most toxic plants in the Caribbean region for many centuries. LAUTER, FOX and ARIAIL (1952) who reviewed the literature u p to 1952 described in detail the toxic manifestations which result from physical contact and ingestion of parts of the plant. It appears that the sap from this medium-sized tree causes a reaction characteristic of a burn and contact with eyes produces severe conjuctivitis which, if complicated by secondary infection could result in loss of sight.'. In spite of such reputation, there have been relatively few studies on the nature of the toxic principles of this plant. SCHAEFFER, LAUTER and FOOTE (1954) described the isolation of the known 2-hydro-4,6-dimethoxy-acetophenone and a carotenoid substance from the leaves of the plant. T h e fruits were reported to contain a water-soluble compound, very sensitive to oxygen and qualitative tests suggested the presence of physostigrnine (LAUTER and FOOTE, 1955). In a more recent study, DORAN (1967) reported the isolation of a C 32 hydrocarbon from -In the author's own experience, contact with the latex on the chin for two minutes caused severe burning sensation around the nasal and oral regions, profuse salivation, loss of sensation of taste and nasal irritation for nearly three hours. Even a minor contact in the eye caused severe burning and irritation for nearly 9 hours.

"This paper is an attempt to examine the trends in union formation among various cohorts and to identify some of the socio-demographic correlates of marital timing. The data for this study are taken from the Canadian Fertility Survey of 1984. The results indicate that there is no immediate crisis for the family in Canada, but that many are choosing cohabitation as a preferred mode of first union formation at early stages. Young women (below 25 years of age), residents of large metropolitan areas, those with a university education and those with low religious commitment are more likely than others to be delayers of marriage." (SUMMARY IN FRE)

No abstract

A method to microencapsulate water-soluble and liquid-paraffin insoluble drugs into spherical, discrete and free-flowing particles of approximately 175 microns size with excellent yield has been described taking diethylcarbamazine citrate as a model drug. In this method a gelatin-drug dispersion at 50 degrees C is sprayed, using a simple apparatus designed in our laboratory, into chilled, dry liquid paraffin present in a china dish previously coated with a layer of hard paraffin and maintained at 5 degrees C. After allowing the droplets to gel at 5 degrees C for an hour, water was removed by freeze drying. Later liquid paraffin adhering to freeze-dried microcapsules was removed by washing with chilled, dry acetone. Various factors affecting the yield, size, shape and size distribution of microcapsules were optimized.