Potensi mangrove Avicennia alba sebagai agen fitoremediasi timbal (Pb) dan tembaga (Cu) di Perairan Wonorejo, Surabaya

TPI Sendang Biru berada di Kabupaten Malang memiliki potensi yang besar baik dalam bidang penyediaan pasokan ikan ataupun sarana prasarana penunjang lainnya. Pelabuhan perikanan tersebut dipersiapkan sebagai pusat pertumbuhan ekonomi perikanan di wilayah selatan Provinsi Jawa Timur. Pemerintah melalui Direktorat Jenderal Perikanan Tangkap Kementerian Kelautan dan Perikanan Tahun 2018 telah menyelesaikan relokasi pembangunan kios ikan berkonsep higienis pada wilayah tersebut untuk menunjang mutu hasil ikan dan harga jual ikan tetap tinggi.  Sejalan dengan hal tersebut Pemerintah Propinsi Jawa Timur saat ini melakukan pengembangan jalur lintas selatan untuk mempermudah aksesbilitas. Namun, adanya wabah pandemi Covid-19 saat ini menyebabkan dampak yang besar pada berbagai bidang termasuk bidang perikanan. Hal tersebut menyebabkan bukan hanya minat beli masyrakat yang menurun, namun keterbatasan jalur distribusi produk juga menghambat transaksi jual-beli masyarakat. Berdasarkan hal tersebut perlu dilakukan pelatihan dan pembinaan manajemen pemasaran produk-produk perikanan di TPI Sendang Biru berbasis media jual-beli online. Metode edukasi yang dilakukan adalah seminar dengan topik strategi pemasaran digital berbasis media sosial dan workshop berbasis toko online atau marketplace. Melalui program ini diharapkan dapat menjadi salah satu langkah awal dalam menghadapi tantangan-tantangan baru dalam penanggulangan pemulihan ekonomi pasca pandemi Covid-19, serta dapat memperluas jejaring pemasaran para nelayan atau penjual ikan di wilayah tersebut bahkan hingga keadaan normal kembali.

One of the regions in Surabaya which has accumulated the largest pollution levels was the region of Wonorejo. Wonorejo is an area that is used as a mangrove conservation. But, Pb and Cu are heavy metals that have been detected in high concentration in this region. Avicennia alba has been known to have the ability to absorb heavy metals so that mangrove can be used us phytoremediation agent. The purposes of this research were to analyze the concentration of heavy metals (Pb and Cu) in sediments, roots and leaves of Avicennia alba; to understand the potential of Avicennia alba as an agent of phytoremediation. The result showed that Cu concentration was higher than Pb concentration in sediment, roots and leaves. The concentrations of Cu were 4.13 ppm-36.95 ppm and Pb between 3.28 ppm-23.79 ppm. Based on bioconcentration factor (BCF) Avicennia alba was categorize as excluder (BCF<1) of both heavy metals, but concentration of translocation factor (TF) of Pb was categorized phytoexstraction (TF>1) and Cu was categorized phytostabilization (TF<1). The result of the BCF and TF showed that Avicennia alba can absorb Pb and Cu from the environment, however the mobility of the heavy metals in the mangrove will experience different phytoremediation mechanisms (phytostabilization for Cu; phytoexstraction for Pb).

HighlightsConcentration of lead (Pb) in the surface water and sediment were analyzedThe ecological risks of metal in the ecosystem were assessedPb concentration in the surface water and sediment were observed in the similar range Pb in the study areas has low ecological risk indexConcern on Pb contamination in Prigi Harbor is neededAbstractThis study attempts to measure the spatial distribution of Pb in the seawater and surface sediments and to analyze its potential harmful effect in the surface sediments of the coastal areas of Prigi Bay, Trenggalek. Prigi Bay has been considered as one of the harbors with substantial activities from fisheries, tourism, and domestic events in Indonesia. These activities may discharge heavy metals, e.g., lead (Pb) into the environment and bring hazard to animal and human life. Data for Pb concentrations were collected from two stations near Prigi Harbor (Stations 1 and 2), one station in the Prigi Beach (Station 3) and two stations near the river mouths (Stations 4 and 5). Water quality parameters (temperature, salinity, pH, and DO) were also measured. Stations 1 and 4 displayed a higher concentration of Pb in the seawater than in the surface sediments. On the other hand, Stations 3 and 5 showed a higher concentration of Pb in the surface sediments than in the seawater. Pb concentration in the seawater was 0.22-0.60 mg/kg, and in the surface, sediments were in the range of 0.40-0.57 mg/kg. According to the analysis of contamination factor (CF), the study sites have a low degree of contamination from heavy metal Pb (CF < 1). The result was also supported by the potential toxicity of Pb to the benthic environment around Prigi Bay that was still considered low (E < 40). In spite of the low degree of contamination and low potential toxicity from Pb, concern regarding the heavy metal pollution in the study areas is still needed due to substantial activities that can contribute to the accumulation of heavy metal in a long time.

AbstrakTujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengevaluasi aktivitas antioksidan beserta skrining fitokimia ekstrak daun R. mucronata. Daun R. mucronata diperoleh dari Pilang, Probolinggo. Ekstraksi daun mangrove menggunakan tiga pelarut dengan polaritas berbeda (Metanol, Etil asetat, dan heksan). Aktivitas antioksidan ditentukan melalui metode Diphenyl picryhydrazil (DPPH) dalam empat konsentrasi yang berbeda (31,25; 62,25; 125; dan 250 ppm). Hasil analisis antioksidan mangrove R. mucronata menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak etil asetat memiliki aktivitas antioksidan tertinggi (160,42 μg / ml) dibandingkan ekstrak metanol (-117,49 μg / ml) dan ekstrak heksan (327,61 μg / ml). Skrining fitokimia menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak metanol mengandung 1195 μg / ml flavonoid, 124,44 μg / ml alkaloid dan 576,64 μg / ml tanin. Sedangkan etil dan ekstrak heksan mengandung alkaloid (44,91 μg / ml dan 41,49 μg / ml) dan tanin (84,84 μg / ml dan 67,30 μg / ml).Kata Kunci: DPH, fitokimia, mangrove, pelarut organik AbstractThe objective of this study was to evaluate the antioxidant activities along with phytochemical screening of R. mucronata leaf extracts. R. mucronata leaves were collected from Pilang, Probolinggo. The extraction of mangrove leaves used three different solvents with different polarity (Methanol, Ethyl acetate, and Hexane). The antioxidant activities were determinted by the Diphenyl picryhydrazil (DPPH) method in four different concentrations (31,25; 62,25; 125; and 250 ppm). The antioxidant analysis of mangrove R. mucronata showed that the ethyl acetate extract had the highest antioxidant activity (160,42 µg/ml) than the methanol (-117,49 µg/ml) and the hexane (327,61 µg/ml) extracts. The phytochemical screening showed that the methanol extract contained 1195 µg/ml of flavonoid, 124,44 µg/ml of alkaloid and 576,64 µg/ml of tannin. Meanwhile the ethyl and the hexane extract contained alkaloid (44,91 µg/ml and 41,49 µg/ml ) and tannin (84,84 µg/ml and 67,30 µg/ml).