Sex workers need access to sexual and reproductive health services because they are at high risk of HIV and STIs (Sexually Transmitted Infections). Moreover, many clients are inconsistent in condom use thus increasing the risk of unwanted pregnancy and abortion. Almost all sex workers experience marginalization, discrimination, and human rights violations. Services that provide security, comfort, and trust between providers and the community served can improve the quality and positive views of health services, especially contraceptive services that contribute to reducing the rate of transmission of STIs and HIV. Eight stages for scoping review were used in this review including identifying midwifery problems, prioritizing problems and research questions, determining frameworks, searching literature, selecting articles, making critical appraisal, extracting data, and mapping. 9 articles were extracted and arranged into several themes. The themes compiled in the review of this article include: stigma and discrimination, financial reasons, access to services that do not support, refusal to contraception access, and disturbing side effects. There are still many unsatisfactory services and inequalities in contraceptive services especially for marginalized groups and sex workers. In addition, underdeveloped infrastructure, financial reasons, and side effects are among the barriers that prevent sex workers from accessing contraception.

The COVID-19 has changed the way of society live almost all over the world. The conditions and habits of the post-pandemic called by ‘new normal’. Various activities are increasingly dependent on technology, especially information technology that is online through the internet network. Social media user are also increasing; included in Indonesia, it has been proven from the increasing user population on 2021 around 6,3% compared to the previous year. The total internet user in Indonesia on January of 2021, internet user in Indonesia registered up to 202,6 million users, and average time spent by Indonesian society to access the internet in a day is 8 hours 52 minutes. The new culture is also filled with da’wah content that spreads the Islamic values or teachings. Not only positive responses received by these digital preachers, but also so many negative responses in the form of hate speech which against the values and teachings of the religion. Through this research, the authors wants to identify some forms of hate speech toward religion in the form of da’wah content on social media. This research is a qualitative research using descriptive analysis. The primary data sources of this research are da’wah contents that uploaded on social media, while the secondary data sources of this research are books or papers that are relevant to this research. The results of this study are the hate speech toward religion on social media can be in the form of slander, hoax, and blasphemy either through writings, pictures, or videos

Kehamilan dengan HIV (Human Immunodefisiensy Virus) merupakan penyakit menular. Hasil studi pendahuluan yang dilakukan masih banyak ibu hamil yang belum melakukan tes HIVdan  kurangnya pengetahuan ibu hamil.Untuk itu perlu diberikan informasi mengenai Eliminasi penularan HIV dari Ibu ke Anak. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perbedaan pengetahuan ibu hamil sebelum dan sesudah diberikan pendidikan kesehatan menggunakan media flipchart di Desa Brosot Wilayah Puskesmas Galur I Kabupaten Kulon Progo. Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan one group pretest-posttest. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh ibu hamil trimester I di Desa Brosot yang berjumlah 30 orang. Pengembilan sampel menggunakan Sampling Jenuh berjumlah 30 orang yang terbagi menjadi 15 orang kelompok eksperimen dan 15 orang kelompok kontrol. Instrumen yang digunakan yaitu flipchart dan kuesioner tentang Eliminasi Penularan HIV dari Ibu ke Anak. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan ada pengaruh yang signifikan antara pendidikan kesehatan terhadap pengetahuan ibu hamil tentang penularan HIV dari ibu ke anak dengan menggunakan media flipchart di Desa Brosot Wilayah Puskesmas Galur I Kabupaten Kulon Progo dengan hasil uji Z pada kelompok control menunjukkan Z hitung sebesar  -2,781 pada signifikansi 0,000 (sig.p < 0,05) sedangkan pada kelompok eksperimen terdapat peningkatan pengetahuan nilai Z test dari hasil pengujian ialah -2,761 dengan asymp.sig sebesar 0,005 (asymp.sig < 0,05). Tenaga Kesehatan dapat memberikan informasi kepada ibu hamil tentang Penularan HIV dari Ibu ke Anak, agar ibu hamil dapat melakukan pemeriksaan sedini mungkin/pada Trimester I. Kata kunci : HIV, Flipchart,ibu hamil.