On the lines of the huge and varied efforts in the field of automation with respect to technology development and innovation of vehicles to make them run on electric power and moreover autonomously, this paper presents an innovation to a bicycle. A normal daily-use bicycle was modified at low-cost such that it runs autonomously, while maintaining its original form i.e. the manual drive. Hence, a bicycle which could be normally driven by any human and with a press of switch could run autonomously according to the users needs has been developed.

No abstract

A nine tyne tractor operated cultivator and spinner type fertilizer spreader were used to evaluate the efficiency of tractor. Tractor was operated without navigator and with navigator guidence to the operator to observe the missed area, overlapped area and actual productivity of the machines. Missing percentage was only 8.5% of total area cultivated in case of navigator assisted cultivator as comaperd to the 23.5% missed area without navigator guidence. For smaller field having area were 4.2 and 14% espectively of the total area under trials. But for larger area of 1.62 ha, on an average percentage missed area observed without and with navigator trials were 19.8 and 5.5% of the total area under trial. Overlapped area during cultivation without navigator was observed to be 0.042 or 18% as comaperd to the overlapped area of 0.006 ha or 3% by using navigator. Areas of overlap during fertilizer spreading for without and with navigator trials were observed to be 0.066 or 13.75% and 0.002 ha or 0.4% respectively for smaller fields. But for larger field, without navigator trial overlap of 0.027 ha which is 1.7% was obsereved and with navigator trial overlap was observed for area 0.048, which is 2.9% of total area of 1.62 ha. The actual productivity of the operation without navigator was 0.53 ha/h with 23.5% missing area as comapred to the actual productivity of cultivator with navigator i.e. 0.75 ha/h with 8.5% missing. It was concluded that actual productivity by using satellite navigator guided cultivator was 1.42 times more as compared to the actual productivity without navigator. During fertilizer spreading, the actual productivity of the spreader using navigator was 1.64 times more than the machine without naviagator. For larger field, satellite navigator guided fertilizer spreader was about having 1.37 times more productivity than spreader without navigator.

No abstract

No abstract