This review discusses the methods for the removal of dyes from the wastewater effluents. Wastewater effluents contain synthetic dyes which cause a potential hazard to the environment hence these dyes need to remove from the water bodies. The various dye removal techniques are classified into Chemical, Physical, and Biological methods. Physical methods includes adsorption, ion exchange, and filtration/coagulation methods etc. while chemical methods includes ozonisation, Fenton reagent, photo catalytic reactions and biological methods include aerobic degradation, anaerobic degradation, biosorption etc. Adsorption found to be very effective and cheap method among the all available dye removal methods. Dyes from the industrial waste water effluents are effectively separated by using adsorbent such as activated carbon however its cost restricts the use in large scale applications. Experimental studies proved that the effective removal of dyes is obtained using several cheaply available non-conventional adsorbents also. Therefore, studies related to searching for efficient and low cost adsorbents derived from existing resources are gaining importance for the removal of dyes.

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Textile industry is one of the fast growing industries and is consuming and polluting large volumes of water. Four isotherms i.e. Langmuir, Freundlich, Tempkin and Dubinin-Radushkevich were studied to evaluate the adsorbent efficiency of Vigna Trilobata pod in removal of dye from aqueous solution. Methylene blue was taken as the model pollutant in this study. Among all the above mentioned isotherms Freundlich adsorption isotherm model was found to be fitted well with the experimental data with high regression coefficient, R 2 ≥99. Isotherm studies proved that Vigna Trilobata pod is very efficient for the removal of Methylene blue.

Advancement in technology made the medical device manufacturing industry prominent among all the industrial sectors. Most health care products and medical devices require sterilization. Due to the heat sensitivity of the medical devices, Ethylene Oxide (ETO) sterilization is recommended but ETO is an expensive and long process. Now, there is a need to find an efficient, minimal cost and a lesser amount of time for sterilization process. In this present study, we developed and validated a minimum time, low cost, and efficient ETO sterilization process that can be used at an Industrial scale.